Orthodoxy vs. Power: The Defining Traits of Grounded Theory

“Participant perspectives were relatively consistent from interview to interview (e.g. responses of participants interviewed at a later date confirmed responses from prior participants), suggesting that data saturation was obtained (Hood, 2007).”

“The categories are more abstract compared to the concepts and provide the foundation for theory formulation by which the theory can be presented in a coherent way [38].”

“Relationality of entities in a phenomenographic ontology (based on Bowden, 2005). emergence of multiple variations within each approach, and that some of these vary widely and even detract from formalised accounts of these designs (Hood 2007; Richardson 1999).”

“The analysis was undertaken by general qualitative inductive methods (Hood 2007), and looking at the intersection of students’ images of science and their involvement in the course.”

“A generic inductive qualitative analysis (Hood, 2007) was used to identify findings beyond the research questions.”

“…diverged from traditional grounded theory (Corbin and Strauss 1990), instead adopting a generic inductive qualitative model which combines the data collection process with description, refinement and interpretation of the research questions, alongside purposeful sampling (Hood 2007; Maxwell 2005).”

“This does not always mean that the population has demographic diversity, that the sample size includes a certain number of participants, or that the researcher intentionally selects individuals with different demographic characteristics (Charmaz & Thornberg, 2021; Hood, 2007; Timonen et al., 2018 ).”

“Understanding and appreciating the viability of the generic inductive qualitative model (GIQM) (Hood, 2007; Leech & Onwuegbuzie, 2008; Maxwell, 2005;)”

“As well, the approach focuses on the perspectives of the participant in the study that are the views, values, beliefs, feelings, assumptions, and ideologies, while also acknowledging the researcher’s role (Hood, 2007).”

“To achieve this goal, we (a) collected and analyzed data through an iterative process, allowing categories relevant to this analysis to emerge inductively; (b) engaged in multiple interviews to refine categories and ensure they were responsive to new data until reaching a point of saturation; and (c) integrated catego…”

“In this respect, it shares many features with Grounded Theory Method.”

“Dans une recherche utilisant la MTE, la collecte et l’analyse des données se font simultanément, selon un processus que Hood (2007) qualifie de cyclique.”

“Kalra (1988) indicates that possibly an authoritarian leader feels cloistered or protected by structure as it is likely to reduce his insecurity and anxiety.”

“Comparative analysis was utilized (Hood, 2007).”

“The questionnaire was circulated through the snowballing technique, 63,64 where contacts and respondents were asked to forward the survey, including via Twitter.”

“Hood (2007) contends that what distinguishes grounded theory from an inductive analysis (typical in qualitative social scientific enquiry) is the concerted focus on comparative analysis, theoretical sampling, and theoretical saturation of categories.”

“For our exploratory study, we applied a purposive sampling approach (Bryman, 2012; Hood, 2007) and chose (1) “yoga teacher” and (2) “employee in an organization (for profit, nonprofit, or public) for at least 20 hours/week” as criteria.”

“…structure of three meetings, including: a semi-structured first interview, observation, and a talk aloud protocol to debrief participant thinking; data analysis occurred at each stage, refining tentative categories early on, and probing and questioning them with the theoretic sample (Hood 2007).”

“CGT also acknowledges the construction of theory as an interaction between participants and researchers (Charmaz, 2006, p. 119; Hood, 2007, p. 163).”

“CGT is an inductive cyclical process, relying extensively on memo making to develop themes, or categories, from data codes which logically and methodically lead to understanding relationships between categories and/or categories’ features (Hood, 2007).”

“…model, a methodology that involves: (1) purposeful sampling; (2) inductive as opposed to deductive research process; (3) use of memos and memoing in analysis; (4) saturation signaling the end of data collection; and (5) an increasingly narrow focus during the research process (Hood 2007).”

“Grounded theory was chosen for its emphasis on inductive theory generation, which aligns with our goal to construct new meaning about US K–12 schooling based in autistic students’ collective experiences (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Hood, 2007).”

“As Hood [51, p. 158] suggests ‘all theoretical sampling is purposeful, but not all purposeful sampling is theoretical’.”

“5 They were analyzed by two researchers, Lars Breuer and the author, through inductive and deductive coding with the analytical software MAXQDA in an iterative process of categorizing and “ think description ” , using the principles of Grounded Theory (Hood, 2010).”

“Grounded theory methods are particularly appropriate for this study due to their usefulness in investigations of process (Charmaz, 2011; Hood, 2007).”

“The interviews were fully transcribed and analysed by applying some general strategies of the Generic Inductive Qualitative Model (Hood, 2007; Maxwell, 2013), using the qualitative software program NVivo.”

“In this methodology, the researcher decides the situations or categories of participants to sample, and the number of the participants to be included in each category (Hood 2007).”

“Data generation and analysis were guided by principles of the generic inductive qualitative model (Hood, 2007) and by the overarching theoretical framework of critical pedagogy.”

“Whilst our approach was not strictly situated in traditional grounded theory (Corbin & Strauss, 1990); we used a generic inductive qualitative model (Hood, 2007; Maxwell, 2005; Thomas, 2006), which combined the data-gathering process with description, refinement, and interpretation of the research…”

“This research design was in accordance with established principles for undertaking qualitative investigation in the social sciences (Hood, 2005), in which the central thesis arises from the data, rather than prior to data collection.”

“Grounded theory was distinguished from quantitative approaches that involved constructing, testing, and verifying hypotheses because Glaser and Strauss (1967) emphasized its inductive nature (Bryant & Charmaz, 2007b; Walker & Myrick, 2006).”

“As codes began to develop into potential categories, focused questions were added to the interview protocol to explore codes further (Charmaz, 2011; Hood, 2007).”

“Transcripts were analyzed by a single coder using ATLAS.ti (version 9), following generic purposive sampling principles (Hood 2007).”

“…potential for depth of description but limited (by design) in its ability to generalize beyond the sample under study, grounded theory is a bold methodology that aims to identify the processes of a phenomenon to the extent that it does become generalizable beyond the sample population (Hood, 2007).”

“following the Generic inductive qualitative approach (Hood, 2014), or the General coding paradigm (Maxwell, 2005).”

“~ 93 ~ associated with these new and previously unanticipated lines of enquiry, which could have arose and led to the acquisition of additional data would have been redundant (Hood 2007).”

“In this study, I engaged in an inductive qualitative approach (Hood, 2007) to analyze my data in a way that was appropriate to my broad area of research interest in social media work.”

“Badania bibliometryczne pokazują dużą, rosnącą z roku na rok liczbę odwołań do niej w okresie ostatnich dwudziestu lat (por. np. Bryant, Charmaz 2007a: 2; Hood 2007: 152).”

“Constant Comparative Method Data analysis in grounded theory is conducted using a constant comparative method that is the cornerstone of grounded theory.(29) Despite the epistemological or ontological differences of the grounded theorist, constant comparative method is used in any true grounded theory study.”

“Her approach over all is quite realistic and flexible for those, such as myself who used it for different discipline (art history) than it is normally used within (the social sciences) (Hood, 2007, p. 163).”