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Cited by 186Policing Practices and PerceptionsGun Ownership and Violence ResearchCriminal Justice and Corrections Analysis

When Police Kill

Zimring, Franklin E.·2017·Harvard University Press eBooks
DOI 10.4159/9780674978058
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Abstract

Franklin Zimring compiles data from federal records, crowdsourced research, and investigative journalism to provide a comprehensive, fact-based picture of how, when, where, and why police use deadly force. He offers prescriptions for how federal, state, and local governments could reduce killings at minimum cost without risking officers’ lives.

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Crossref · 10.4159/9780674978058

Cites

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  • Analyses of police deadly force restricted to fatality-only data may produce results statistically biased by factors that influence mortality.

    “Any analysis of police deadly force restricted to data that only include fatalities may produce results that are statistically biased by factors that influence mortality, such as whether bullets strike vital organs [12], whether police officers administer first aid or engage in “scoop and run” practices [15, 16], and whether an adult trauma care center is nearby [17, 18].”

    From Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Striking the head, chest, or upper back increases the likelihood of mortality because the odds of striking a vital organ are greater.

    “Head/Torso shot measured whether police gunfire struck the victim’s head, chest, or upper back (1 = yes), where the odds of striking a vital organ are greater, thus increasing the likelihood of mortality [12].”

    From Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

  • The absence of data on number of rounds fired and which struck victims might render some observed statistical relationships spurious.

    “we had no data on other situational factors, such as the number of rounds fired by officers or which struck victims, each of which increase the odds of mortality [12], and therefore might render some of our observed statistical relationships spurious.”

    From Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data (2021) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Zimring, F. E.
Corresponding author
Zimring, Franklin E.
Venue
Harvard University Press eBooks
Publisher
Harvard University Press
Published
2017-12-31
DOI
10.4159/9780674978058
OpenAlex
W2782607670
Cited by
186
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 26 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
FWCI
22.40
Type
book
Language
fr
Open access
closed
Locations
Harvard University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
  • Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Keywords
police use of deadly force, police killings, police brutality, gun violence, homicide prevention, police accountability, law enforcement policy

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