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The influence of the human microbiome and probiotics on cardiovascular health
Open accessAbstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Of the many etiological factors, microorganisms constitute one. From the local impact of the gut microbiota on energy metabolism and obesity, to the distal association of periodontal disease with coronary heart disease, microbes have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In terms of the ability to modulate or influence the microbes, probiotic applications have been considered. These are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a benefit on the host. While a number of reports have established the beneficial abilities of certain probiotic bacterial strains to reduce cholesterol and hypertension, recent research suggests that their use could be more widely applied. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the known associations of the microbiome with CVD, and potential applications of probiotic therapy.
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“Given, however, that probiotic therapy exerts a beneficial effect on dental caries, periodontitis, and pharyngitis in the oral cavity[408–411], as well as on obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and heart failure via the gut(reviewed:[399,403])”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [403]
In the citing paper
“In subsequent years, there has been an explosion of work demonstrating clinical benefit of probiotics in modifying cardiovascular risk, inflammatory and infectious bowel disorders, and even ventilator-associated pneumonia (reviewed in:[399,403]).”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [403]
In the citing paper
“as well as improve inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel conditions and reduce blood pressure in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients[401,403,414].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [403]
In the citing paper
“It has also been linked to weight reduction, prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy and post-infarction heart failure in rodents[403,418,419]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [403]
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“to generate and isomerize cLA and exert anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice in a cLA-dependent manner[279,403,415,416]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [403]
In the citing paper
“Both experimental and clinical cross-sectional studies showed that patients with ASD had alterations of the gut microbiota (48).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [48]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ettinger, G., MacDonald, K., Reid, G., & Burton, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reid, Gregor
- Venue
- Gut Microbes
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-11-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 719-728
- ISSN
- 1949-0976 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-0984
- PMC
- PMC4615746
- OpenAlex
- W2036514157
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Gut Microbes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- human microbiome, gut microbiota, probiotics, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular health, periodontal disease, coronary artery disease, cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota
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