Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in older adults: a national probability study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Olfactory and gustatory functions have not been well characterized in older adults in the US. Consequently, their relationships to sociodemographic characteristics, as well as physical and mental health, were studied in a large national probability sample using brief validated tests of chemosensory function. METHODS: A five-odour identification test and taste-impregnated strips of filter paper (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) assessed the ability to identify chemosensory stimuli. RESULTS: Severe gustatory dysfunction was more prevalent than severe olfactory dysfunction. Age, education and sex were independently associated with performance on both the olfactory and gustatory identification tasks. Higher scores were associated with female sex, higher level of education, and lower age. Odour identification scores exhibited a positive, albeit weak, correlation with BMI, and food-related odours were better identified than non-food odours. In addition, odour identification performance was also negatively associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a high prevalence of severe gustatory and, to a somewhat lesser extent, olfactory dysfunction in a population-based sample and demonstrate that even brief tests are capable of detecting correlations between both chemical senses and relevant health measures outside a clinical setting.
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The NSHAP found the prevalence of severe gustatory impairment to be 14.8% (women 10.2%, men 19.2%).
“The NSHAP found the prevalence of severe gustatory impairment (defined as correct identification of ≤1 of the four flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, salty, presented in that order) to be 14.8% (women 10.2%, men 19.2%) (Boesveldt et al., 2011).”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Boesveldt et al., 2011
The Methods (Data analysis; Gustatory function testing, page unavailable) support the definition of severe impairment as identifying no more than one of four tastes and confirm the stated presentation order. The Results (Gustatory performance, page unavailable) report 14.8% overall and 10.2% for women, but 19.7% for men—not the cited 19.2%. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe ability to perceive sweetness was preserved to the greatest degree, being correctly identified by 86.7% of subjects, whereas sour taste was correctly identified by only 39.4% of subjects.
“The ability to perceive sweetness was preserved to the greatest degree, being correctly identified by 86.7% of subjects, whereas sour taste was correctly identified by only 39.4% of subjects.”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Boesveldt et al., 2011
The Results section (Gustatory performance; page not provided) says sweet was identified correctly most often and sour least often. It reports 86.8% for sweet, not the claimed 86.7%; the 39.4% figure for sour matches. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOdor identification declined with age in both sexes; peppermint odor was correctly identified most often (91.6%) and leather least often (70.5%).
“Odor identification declined with age in both sexes; peppermint odor was correctly identified most often (91.6%) and leather least often (70.5%).”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Boesveldt et al., 2011
The National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) found the prevalence of severe olfactory dysfunction to be 2.7% (women, 2.2%, men, 3.2%).
“The National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP), a US population-based study of community-dwelling older adults aged 57 to 85, found the prevalence of severe olfactory dysfunction (defined as correctly identifying ≤ 1 of 5 odorants: rose, leather, orange, fish, peppermint) to be 2.7% (women, 2.2%, men, 3.2%) (Boesveldt, Lindau, McClintock, Hummel, & Lundstrom, 2011).”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Boesveldt, Lindau, McClintock, Hummel, & Lundstrom, 2011
The sense of taste is also depressed in older adults.
“The sense of taste is also depressed in older adults.”
From Design Principles to Accommodate Older Adults (2012) · cites this paper as Boesveldt et al., 2011
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“Indeed, many cross-sectional studies have identified associations between concurrent olfactory dysfunction and depression (Deems et al. 1991; Negoias et al. 2010; Boesveldt et al. 2011; Gopinath et al. 2011; Joo et al. 2015; Kohli et al. 2016; Sivam et al. 2016; Hur et al. 2018), as well as psychosocial states, such a…”
BackgroundSelf-citationSensory function: insights from Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project.
Pinto, J., Kern, D., Wroblewski, K., Chen, R. C., Schumm, L., & McClintock, M. (2014) · The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu102 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationRecalled taste intensity, liking and habitual intake of commonly consumed foods
Cornelis, M. C., Tordoff, M., El-Sohemy, A., & van Dam, R. V. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.036 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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Association of Multisensory Impairment With Quality of Life and Depression in English Older Adults.
Liljas, A., Jones, A., Cadar, D., Steptoe, A., & Lassale, C. (2020) · JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4470 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Field Survey Measures of Olfaction: The Olfactory Function Field Exam (OFFE)
Kern, D., Wroblewski, K., Schumm, L., Pinto, J., & McClintock, M. (2014) · Field Methods · doi:10.1177/1525822x14547499 · Cited by 40
Self-citationEnhancement of Odor Sensitivity Following Repeated Odor and Visual Fear Conditioning.
Parma, V., Ferraro, S., Miller, S., Åhs, F., & Lundström, J. (2015) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjv033 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Doorduijn, A. S., de van der Schueren, M. D. V., van de Rest, O., de Leeuw, F. A., Fieldhouse, J., Kester, M., Teunissen, C., Scheltens, P., van der Flier, W. M., Visser, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-019-09561-0 · Cited by 36
“With aging, a decrease in olfactory and gustatory function may change food preferences and thereby dietary patterns [6-10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPostma, E., de Graaf, C., & Boesveldt, S. (2020) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103771 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of a Gustatory Function Test for Clinical Application in Korean Subjects
Hwang, C., Kim, J. W., Sharhan, S. S. A., Kim, J. W., Cho, H.-J., Yoon, J.-H., & Kim, C.-H. (2017) · Yonsei medical journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2018.59.2.325 · Cited by 30
“As elderly people account for the fastest growing segment of the population, a significant number of them will encounter age-related sensory disorders.(2) In addition, since sensory deterioration is known as an early marker in neurodegenerative diseases,(3,4) evaluation of gustatory function can be an effective part o…”
BackgroundCan age-related CNS taste differences be detected as early as middle age? Evidence from fMRI
Green, E., Jacobson, A., Haase, L., & Murphy, C. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.11.027 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Thomas, D. C., Chablani, D., Parekh, S., Pichammal, R. C., Shanmugasundaram, K., & Pitchumani, P. (2021) · The Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2021.08.009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Sour tasting ability was consistently found to be most affected with aging.(90) Liu and colleagues(85) found that Black participants in their study had a higher prevalence of taste disorders, suggesting an association between ethnicity and taste disorders.”
Dong, Y., Wang, Y.-X., Liu, K.-K., Liu, R., Tang, S., Zhang, Q., Ekström, I., Laukka, E. J., Du, Y.-F., & Qiu, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.621619 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“We did not observe sex differences in prevalence of OI, which was in contrast with previous studies that showed women outperformed men in olfactory function (Murphy et al., 2002; Boesveldt et al., 2011; Mullol et al., 2012; Stogbauer et al., 2020).”
BackgroundResultFernandes, M., Castelo, P., Chaves, G. N., Fernandes, J., Fonseca, F., Zanato, L. E., & Gavião, M. (2020) · Journal of texture studies · doi:10.1111/jtxs.12573 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Toxic exposures and the senses of taste and smell.
Genter, M., & Doty, R. (2019) · Handbook of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63855-7.00022-8 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Symptoms of Depression in Patients with Chemosensory Disorders
Chen, B., Benzien, C., Faria, V., Ning, Y.-P., Cuevas, M., Linke, J., Croy, I., Haehner, A., & Hummel, T. (2021) · ORL · doi:10.1159/000513751 · Cited by 27
Self-citationLate sensorial alterations in different radiotherapy techniques for nasopharyngeal cancer.
Riva, G., Raimondo, L., Ravera, M., Moretto, F., Boita, M., Potenza, I., Rampino, M., Ricardi, U., & Garzaro, M. (2015) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjv011 · Cited by 27
Reduced Taste Sensitivity in Congenital Blindness
Gagnon, L., Kupers, R. C., & Ptito, M. (2013) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjt021 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“We took sex, age, BMI, and PTC sensitivity into account as covariates because taste sensitivity varies as a function of gender (Boesveldt et al. 2011), PTC sensitivity (Hong et al.”
Nitrogen dioxide pollution exposure is associated with olfactory dysfunction in older US adults
Adams, D. R., Ajmani, G. S., Pun, V., Wroblewski, K., Kern, D., Schumm, L., McClintock, M., Suh, H., & Pinto, J. (2016) · International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.21829 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationKern, D., Schumm, L., Wroblewski, K., Pinto, J., Hummel, T., & McClintock, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118589 · Cited by 26
Self-citationHuman body odor increases familiarity for faces during encoding‐retrieval task
Cecchetto, C., Fischmeister, F. P. S., Gorkiewicz, S., Schuehly, W., Bagga, D., Parma, V., & Schöpf, V. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24920 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Fifty-six women were recruited for the main experiment, with the following exclusion criteria: being MRI incompatible (especially metallic implants, pacemakers, claustrophobia); being left-handed; being pregnant; cardiovascular, neurological or psychiatric disease, diseases of the central nervous system and diseases a…”
MethodBody odors (even when masked) make you more emotional: behavioral and neural insights
Cecchetto, C., Lancini, E., Bueti, D., Rumiati, R., & Parma, V. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41937-0 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rivan, N. F. M., Shahar, S., Fakhruddin, N. N. N., You, Y.-X., Din, N. C., & Rajikan, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.901750 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“With aging, a decrease in olfactory and gustatory functions also may alter the food preferences and thereby their dietary patterns compared to their younger counterparts (67).”
BackgroundFrequency and prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury
Bratt, M., Skandsen, T., Hummel, T., Moen, K., Vik, A., Nordgård, S., & Helvik, A. (2018) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2018.1469043 · Cited by 24
“Selfassessment of olfactory function has overall been found to be less reliable than measured olfactory function (6,11,24,39,40).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAging profoundly delays functional recovery from gustatory nerve injury
He, L., Yadgarov, A., Sharif, S., & McCluskey, L. (2012) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.012 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Elderly subjects do exhibit deficits in gustatory perception (Boesveldt et al., 2011), due at least in part to the increasing frequency of medical conditions, interventional treatments, and medications (Schiffman, 2009).”
BackgroundManesse, C., Ferdenzi, C., Mantel, M., Sabri, M., Bessy, M., Fournel, A., Faure, F., Bellil, D., Landis, B., Hugentobler, M., et al. (2021) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104273 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zheng, Y., Shen, Y., Zhu, Z., & Hu, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17030943 · Cited by 21
“Consistently, a previous study examined taste and smell functions based on objective measures and found severe taste dysfunction had higher prevalence than severe smell dysfunction among older adults [37].”
BackgroundMicroglial involvement in the development of olfactory dysfunction
Seo, Y., Kim, H.-S., & Kang, K. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.319 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Therefore, olfactory disorders have become a matter of societal as well as individual importance in an era of accelerated population aging with concurrent increasing risks of neuropathological medical conditions [18,34].”
BackgroundSanna, F., Loy, F., Piras, R., Moat, A., & Masala, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.599593 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fluitman, K. S., Nadar, H. J., Roos, D., Berendse, H., Keijser, B., Nieuwdorp, M., IJzerman, R., & Visser, M. (2019) · The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1241-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“UPSIT-score 33 [30-35] 36 [35-37] 31 [29-33] 16 [12-17] <0.”
Detection of Inflammation via Volatile Cues in Human Urine
Gordon, A. R., Kimball, B., Sorjonen, K., Karshikoff, B., Axelsson, J., Lekander, M., Lundström, J., & Olsson, M. (2018) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjy059 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hintschich, C., Fischer, R., Hummel, T., Wenzel, J., Bohr, C., & Vielsmeier, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0265686 · Cited by 19
Self-citationDuffy, V., Glennon, S., Larsen, B. A., Rawal, S., Oncken, C., & Litt, M. (2018) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.017 · Cited by 19
“olfactory dysfunction are seen in older adults [9, 22, 23], males [23-28], certain ethnic/racial minorities [9, 23] and those with lower income/educational attainment [9, 19].”
BackgroundAdjei, S., Houck, A. L., Ma, K., & Wesson, D. W. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.014 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders in a 65‐year‐old population
Sødal, A. T. T., Singh, P., Skudutyte-Rysstad, R., Diep, M. T., & Hove, L. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02242-6 · Cited by 17
“Other studies have also reported a decrease in olfactory function related to aging [31, 39, 49, 50].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRelative Contribution of Odour Intensity and Valence to Moral Decisions
Cecchetto, C., Rumiati, R., & Parma, V. (2017) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006616689279 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…of the odour stimuli, their delivery (e.g., Lundström, Gordon, Alden, Boesveldt, & Albrecht, 2010) and the inclusion/exclusion criteria of participants (Boesveldt et al., 2011), an aspect generally neglected in the moral literature, should be promoted as to reduce potential confounding effects.”
BackgroundOlfactory Function and Olfactory Disorders
Hummel, T., Guerra, N., Gunder, N., Hähner, A., & Menzel, S. (2023) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/a-1957-3267 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological sex as a modulator in rhinologic anatomy, physiology, and pathology: A scoping review
Ramkumar, S., Brar, T., Marks, L., Marino, M. J., & Lal, D. (2023) · International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.23135 · Cited by 15
Gunzer, W. (2017) · The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0873-8 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Clinical Taste Perception Test for Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis.
Márquez-Herrera, R. M., Núñez-Murillo, G. K., Ruíz-Gurrola, C. G., Gómez-García, E., Orozco-González, C., Cortés-Sanabria, L., Cueto-Manzano, A., & Rojas-Campos, E. (2019) · Journal of renal nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2019.02.003 · Cited by 15
Suzuki, H., Teranishi, M., Katayama, N., Nakashima, T., Sugiura, S., & Sone, M. (2020) · Auris Nasus Larynx · doi:10.1016/j.anl.2020.11.020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Taste disorder in facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy: a case report
Ohashi, N., Nonami, J., Kodaira, M., Yoshida, K., & Sekijima, Y. (2020) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-020-01639-x · Cited by 14
Arikawa, E., Kaneko, N., Nohara, K., Yamaguchi, T., Mitsuyama, M., & Sakai, T. (2020) · The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1334-3 · Cited by 12
“Schiffman (25) and Stafford et al. (26) reported that the decline in olfactory function leads to loss of appetite and may be associated with malnutrition, and Boesveldt et al. (27) reported that olfactory function was associated with appetite and nutritional status, albeit weakly.”
A new extension to the Taste Strips test.
Wolf, A., Illini, O., Uy, D., Renner, B., & Mueller, C. (2016) · Rhinology · doi:10.4193/rhin14.266 · Cited by 12
“The new test supported gender differences in gustatory sensitivity reported earlier (26,27).”
BackgroundBoesveldt, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_44 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationGinieis, R., Abeywickrema, S., Oey, I., Keast, R., & Peng, M. (2022) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104574 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ramírez-Vélez, R., López-Gil, J., de Asteasu, M. L. D., Izquierdo, M., & García-Hermoso, A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93355-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Women smelling men's masked body odors show enhanced harm aversion in moral dilemmas.
Cecchetto, C., Lancini, E., Rumiati, R., & Parma, V. (2019) · Physiology and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bello, G. A., & Dumancas, G. G. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2017.1405245 · Cited by 10
“Various risk factors for olfactory dysfunction have been identified, with age being the primary one (Boesveldt et al. 2011).”
BackgroundAge effects on the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract of the rat
Vaz, R. P., Pereira, P., & Madeira, M. (2016) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23863 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…consequences of olfactory dysfunction in aged humans is appetite suppression, which results in weight loss, malnutrition, impaired immunity, and deterioration of medical conditions (reviewed in Seiberling and Conley, 2004; Hummel and Nordin, 2005; Boyce and Shone, 2006; Boesveldt et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSeetharam, A. (2015) · doi:10.4135/9781412963855.n1151 · Cited by 10
Evaluation of the sensory perception of sweet taste in people with Diabetes Mellitus type 2
Dias, V. R., Brazil, J. M., Almeida, J., Silva, C. B. D. S., & Milagres, M. P. (2016) · doi:10.15253/2175-6783.2016000400007 · Cited by 9
“security and quality of life, as the loss or impairment of gustatory function creates an environment to domestic accidents, such as the risk of food poisoning by eating spoiled food(1).”
BackgroundBehavioral and Neural Determinants of Odor Valence Perception
Seubert, J., Regenbogen, C., Habel, U., & Lundström, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26932-0_39 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Biological Basis and Functional Assessment of Oral Sensation
Duffy, V., & Hayes, J. E. (2019) · Handbook of Eating and Drinking · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-75388-1_22-1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sleep and olfaction among older adults
McSorley, V. E., Pinto, J., Schumm, L., Wroblewski, K., Kern, D., McClintock, M., & Lauderdale, D. (2017) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000479066 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Influence of Nutritional Status and Sleep Quality on Gustatory Function in Older Adults
Ozturk, E., & Ozturk, Z. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina59010041 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The dominant demographic phenomenon of the twenty-first century is population aging [2,3].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBhutani, S., & McClain, A. C. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14153178 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tjahajawati, S., Rafisa, A., Murniati, N., & Zubaedah, C. (2020) · International Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1155/2020/4178674 · Cited by 7
Factors influencing olfactory function in an adult general population sample: the CHRIS study
Gögele, M., Emmert, D., Fuchsberger, C., & Frasnelli, J. (2024) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjae011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…(Germany (Landis et al. 2004), Spain (Mullol et al. 2012), Sweden (Larsson et al. 2004; Seubert et al. 2017; Ekstrom et al. 2020)), and North America (Mexico (Castillo-Lopez et al. 2020), the United States (Boesveldt et al., 2011; Schubert et al. 2012; Pinto et al. 2015; Hoffman et al. 2016)).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGustatory dysfunction perceptions versus objective gustatory dysfunction among older adults
Park, S. Y., Kim, K. S., & Min, H. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-03781-w · Cited by 6
“In the United States, it is estimated that the number of adults older than 55 years will constitute 29% of the population by 2030 [1].”
BackgroundSensory impairment: Natural result of aging
Tam, M., & Koppel, K. (2021) · Journal of sensory studies · doi:10.1111/joss.12693 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Assessment of gustatory function in aging people using event-related potentials
Hu, C.-H., Yao, L.-Y., Chen, Z., Sun, Z.-F., Zhang, L.-C., & Wei, Y.-X. (2020) · NeuroReport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001457 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
L’olfaction dans les troubles dépressifs : intérêts et perspectives
Brand, G., & Schaal, B. (2017) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2016.04.008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“[53] Boesveldt S, Lindau ST, McClintock MK, et al.”
Self-awareness of olfactory dysfunction in elderly individuals without neurodegenerative diseases
Toro, M. D. C., Demarco, F. R., Giacomin, L., da Cunha, F. R., dos Reis, M. G. A., & Sakano, E. (2022) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-022-07614-1 · Cited by 5
A novel Appetite Loss in Older Adults with and without Cognitive Impairment (ALOC) screening scale.
Rudzińska, A., Pac, A., Gryglewska, B., Perera, I., Gąsowski, J., & Piotrowicz, K. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107758 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Intranasal Trigeminal Function in Aging Adults
Feit, N., Kloosterman, N., LaPointe, K. A., Pitiranggon, C., Finnegan, I. E., Smith, C. D., Gregoski, M. J., Rowan, N., Soler, Z., & Schlosser, R. (2024) · American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy · doi:10.1177/19458924241274973 · Cited by 4
Naciri, L. C., Mastinu, M., Melis, M., Green, T., Wolf, A., Hummel, T., & Barbarossa, I. T. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11082133 · Cited by 4
“The number of individuals with taste disorders increases with age [2–6], reaching up to 15% among the US population aged over 57 years [7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationO'Dowd, A., Hirst, R., Setti, A., Kenny, R., & Newell, F. (2022) · Innovation in aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igac069 · Cited by 4
“Depression was not independently associated with an increased probability of fair/poor hearing or smell (see Author Note 5), although other studies have reported these associations (Boesveldt et al., 2011; Hoffman et al., 1998; Hur et al., 2018; Kiely et al., 2012; although see Pronk et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialVolpe, R., Predieri, S., Cianciabella, M., Daniele, G. M., Gatti, E., Magli, M., Rodinò, P., Schiavetto, E., Sotis, G., & Urbinati, S. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01671-4 · Cited by 4
Lötsch, J., Ultsch, A., & Hummel, T. (2016) · Chemical Sensors · doi:10.1093/chemse/bjw089 · Cited by 4
“loss of olfactory sensations, the latter having an estimated prevalence of approximately 5% in the population (Murphy et al. 2002; Brämerson et al. 2004; Landis et al. 2004; Boesveldt et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTasters, Supertasters, Genes and Environment: How Dietary Choices Influence Our Health
Cena, H., & Oggioni, C. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30361-1_9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Normal ageing produces taste loss due to changes in taste cell membranes involving altered function of ion [ 60 ] channels and receptors rather than taste-bud loss.”
BackgroundYang, Y., Zhang, C., & Xiong, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1519290 · Cited by 3
“The prevalence of dysfunction increased with age: OD affected 24.5% of adults aged 53–97, reaching 62.5% in those aged 80–97 (4), while severe GD was reported in 14.8% of adults aged 57–85 (5).”
InfluentialSex differences in post-COVID ageusia/anosmia in the United States
Wiener, R., Waters, C., & Bhandari, R. (2024) · Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100129 · Cited by 3
Chemosensory Ability and Sensitivity in Health and Disease: Epigenetic Regulation and COVID-19
Bhatia-Dey, N., Csoka, A., & Heinbockel, T. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24044179 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Normative data on the subjective gustatory function of Chinese adults.
Huang, X., Wu, D.-W., Guo, Y.-C., & Wei, Y.-X. (2021) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.03769 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Boesveldt, S., Lindau, S. T., McClintock, M. K., Hummel, T., & Lundstrom, J. N.
- Affiliations
- Monell Chemical Senses Center (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Rhinology journal
- Publisher
- Stichting Nase
- Published
- 2011-08-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 324-330
- ISSN
- 0300-0729 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3775551
- OpenAlex
- W1604682220
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Rhinology Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021487)
- Office of AIDS Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Keywords
- gustatory dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, older adults, chemosensory function, odor identification, taste identification, prevalence, sociodemographic factors, depressive symptoms, body mass index, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Olfaction Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Taste Disorders, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Prevalence
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