Factors Associated with Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Academia (Benin, 2021)
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Body Dysmorphia Disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder characterized by an obsessive focus on a perceived defect in appearance. This disorder can be dangerous or life-threatening. Hence, there is the need for special attention. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Body Dysmorphia Disorder (BDD) and to identify the factors associated with it. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study that took place from December 2020 to October 2021, with a census of all medical students enrolled at the University of Parakou for the 2020-2021 academic year and who volunteered to participate. DSM 5 diagnostic criteria were used to assess BDD, and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) was used to assess its severity. Results: A total of 669 people were included in the study. The prevalence of probable cases of BDD was 10.31%. Gender (female) (OR = 2.49; IC 95%: [1.45 - 4.26]; p Conclusion: Although little studied and little diagnosed, Body Dysmorphia Disorder (BDD) is a reality in the student environment of northern Benin. Further studies are needed to more define BDD in the Beninese socio-cultural context.
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The difference in BDD rates could stem from cultural variations in beauty standards, with East Asian cultures emphasizing facial features or skin tone and Middle Eastern and African contexts prioritizing body shape or hair.
“This could stem from cultural variations in beauty standards—for instance, East Asian cultures often emphasize facial features or skin tone13, while Middle Eastern and African contexts may prioritize body shape or hair11,12.”
From Association between beauty standards shaped by social media and body dysmorphia among Egyptian medical students (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Section 4.2 (Prevalence) suggests that sociocultural differences may help explain differing BDD rates, and Section 4.3 (Clinical and Developmental Characteristics) says beauty criteria in the study’s Black African setting differ from Western ones. Section 3.3 mentions hair and weight concerns, but identifies skin, weight and height as the most frequent concerns. The paper does not establish that African contexts generally prioritize body shape or hair, and it provides no such finding for Middle Eastern contexts. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Elie, A. I. N., Oumou, O. Z., Djibrilla, M., Wadoudou, K. E., Sinet, K. D., Oumar, S., Anselme, D., Djibo, D. M., Francis, T. T., Proper, G., & Josiane, E. H.
- Affiliations
- Université André Salifou (NE)
- Université Abdou Moumouni (NE)
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi (BJ)
- Venue
- Open Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
- Published
- 2023
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 461-478
- ISSN
- 2161-7325 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-7333
- OpenAlex
- W4390108526
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Open Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- body dysmorphic disorder, medical students, prevalence, risk factors, gender differences, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, university students, Benin
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