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Cited by 18Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementBirth, Development, and HealthPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

Epigenetic Modifications of Placenta in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Offspring

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Yi, Yan, Wang, Tao, Xu, Wei, Zhang, San-Hong·2024·World Journal of Diabetes
DOI 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.378PMC PMC10999040
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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal development. As a bridge between the mother and the fetus, the placenta has nutrient transport functions, endocrine functions, etc. , and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic status. Only by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the fetus. There are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM, the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring, and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after birth. Placental epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.

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  • Circulating miRNAs dysregulated in GDM are implicated in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling.

    “Several miRNAs dysregulated in GDM have been implicated in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid and glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling.”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [44]

    The “Impact on the Expression of Placental miRNAs” section reports dysregulated miRNAs in GDM placentas and links them to lipid and glucose metabolism and insulin signaling (page not provided). It does not establish that these miRNAs are circulating or link them to inflammation or endothelial dysfunction. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Placental and circulating miRNAs can modulate gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms and may alter key developmental pathways including PPAR, mTOR, WNT, and insulin/IGF signaling.

    “Importantly, placental and circulating miRNAs can modulate gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms and may alter key developmental pathways, including PPAR, mTOR, WNT, and insulin/IGF signaling, thereby influencing fetal growth patterns and long-term disease risk [41,43,44,45].”

    From Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Long-Term Metabolic, Cognitive, and Epigenetic Consequences (2026) · cites this paper as [44]

    The “Impact on the Expression of Placental miRNAs” section (page unavailable) reports that placental miRNAs affect PPARα expression and insulin signaling, with potential consequences for fetal development and offspring metabolism. The paper discusses mTOR and insulin/IGF signaling elsewhere, but does not link mTOR to miRNA regulation; the passages found also do not establish circulating miRNA effects or a WNT pathway connection. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yi, Y., Wang, T., Xu, W., & Zhang, S.-H.
Affiliations
Yangtze University (CN)
ORCID
Venue
World Journal of Diabetes
Publisher
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Published
2024-03-15
Volume
15
Issue
3
Pages
378-391
ISSN
1948-9358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.378
PMC
PMC10999040
OpenAlex
W4394747362
Cited by
18
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2
FWCI
1.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • World Journal of Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords
gestational diabetes mellitus, placenta, epigenetic modifications, maternal hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, fetal programming, offspring development, placental nutrient transport, placental hormone secretion, fetal growth, chronic disease risk

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