International Space Station Metal Oxide Odor Anomaly
Abstract
On occasion, seemingly normal operations can have significant effects upon the closed environment of the International Space Station (ISS). An example of such a case occurred on February 20, 2002 when a nominal Metal Oxide (MetOx) canister regeneration operation onboard the ISS resulted in an unexpected, foul odor that affected the crew and station operations. A case study summarizing the root cause for the event and steps taken to ensure that future MetOx regeneration operations proceed safely is presented. Included in the summary are engineering analyses and environmental monitoring results supporting the root cause assessment as well as testing conducted and flight operations changes implemented to ensure safe operations.
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The MetOx system is mainly used in the Extravehicular Mobility Units to scrub out carbon dioxide that the crew are exhaling inside these suits during EVAs, with the purpose being to save the gaseous resource while also preventing it from affecting the crew member in such a tiny environment.
“This system is mainly used in the Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMU’s) to scrub out the carbon dioxide that the crew are exhaling inside these suits during EVAs, with the purpose being to save the gaseous resource while also preventing it from affecting the crew member in such a tiny environment.”
In the past, crew have complained about the foul odor that MetOx gives off when baked, and it is believed that this is due to contaminants released.
“In the past, crew have complained about the foul odor that it gives off when baked, and it is believed that this is due to contaminants released.”
Air samples taken when the MetOx odor phenomenon happened detected contaminants, but they were all still within the normal limits of operation, and the crew were able to return to the U.S. segment of the station following atmospheric decontamination by the trace contaminant control system.
“Air samples were taken in the past when this phenomenon happened and while contaminants were detected, they were all still within the normal limits of operation, and the crew were able to return to the U.S. segment of the station following atmospheric decontamination by the trace contaminant control system (TCCS) [24].”
Through an oven-baking process, trapped CO2 can be released and reintroduced into the atmosphere of the vehicle.
“Through an oven-baking process, trapped CO2 can be released and reintroduced into the atmosphere of the vehicle.”
The MetOx system is regenerable.
“The biggest difference between the two of these systems, however, is that the MetOx system is regenerable [24].”
Cites
Amoore, J. E., & Hautala, E. (1983) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.2550030603 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
James, J. T. (2002) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Keller, R. J., Porter, W., Goli, K., Rosenthal, R., Butler, N., & Jones, J. A. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11080844 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“The biggest difference between the two of these systems, however, is that the MetOx system is regenerable [24].”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Prokhorov, K., Lewis, J., Graf, J., & Perry, J.
- Affiliations
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Venue
- SAE Technical Paper Series
- Publisher
- SAE International
- Published
- 2004-07-19
- Volume
- 1
- ISSN
- 0148-7191 (ISSN-L)
- 2688-3627
- OpenAlex
- W2248175060
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Keywords
- International Space Station, enclosed spaces, root cause analysis, environmental monitoring
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