The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Social Cure
Abstract
A growing body of research shows that social networks and identities have a profound impact on mental and physical health. With such mounting evidence of the importance of social relationships in protecting health, the challenge we face is explaining why this should be the case. What is it that social groups offer that appears to be just as beneficial as a daily dose of vitamin C or regular exercise? This edited book brings together the latest research on how group memberships, and the social identities associated with them, determine people’s health and well-being. The volume provides a variety of perspectives from clinical, social, organisational and applied fields that offer theoretical and empirical insights into these processes and their consequences. The contributions present a rich and novel analysis of core theoretical issues relating to the ways in which social identities, and factors associated with them (such as social support and a sense of community), can bolster individuals’ sense of self and contribute to physical and mental health. In this way it is shown how social identities constitute a ‘social cure’, capable of promoting adjustment, coping and well-being for individuals dealing with a range of illnesses, injuries, trauma and stressors. In addition, these theories provide a platform for practical strategies that can maintain and enhance well-being, particularly among vulnerable populations. Contributors to the book are at the forefront of these developments and the book’s strength derives from its analysis of factors that shape the health and well-being of a broad range of groups. It presents powerful insights which have important implications for health, clinical, social and organisational psychology and a range of cognate fields.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 983
Williams, E., Dingle, G. A., Jetten, J., & Rowan, C. (2018) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12561 · Cited by 101
Self-citationCooper, K., Russell, A., Lei, J., & Smith, L. G. E. (2022) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613221118351 · Cited by 127
The Positive Consequences of Pain: A Biopsychosocial Approach
Bastian, B., Jetten, J., Hornsey, M. J., & Leknes, S. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314527831 · Cited by 91
Self-citationSuppes, A., Napier, J. L., & van der Toorn, J. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218785156 · Cited by 91
Gupta, V., Eames, C., Golding, L., Greenhill, B., Qi, R., Allan, S., Bryant, A., & Fisher, P. (2023) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-023-00439-0 · Cited by 112
Understanding and coping with immigration detention: Social identity as cure and curse
Këllezi, B., Bowe, M., Wakefield, J. R. H., McNamara, N., & Bosworth, M. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2543 · Cited by 102
Online Social Networking and Mental Health among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Chen, E. C., Wood, D., & Ysseldyk, R. (2021) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980821000040 · Cited by 107
An integrative review of social and occupational factors influencing health and wellbeing
Gallagher, M., Muldoon, O. T., & Pettigrew, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01281 · Cited by 108
Muldoon, O. T., Lowe, R. D., Jetten, J., Cruwys, T., & Haslam, S. A. (2020) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12709 · Cited by 111
Self-citationJohnstone, M., Parsell, C., Jetten, J., Dingle, G. A., & Walter, Z. C. (2015) · Housing Studies · doi:10.1080/02673037.2015.1092504 · Cited by 104
Self-citationBobowik, M., Martinović, B., Basabe, N., Barsties, L. S., & Wachter, G. G. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2306 · Cited by 86
Care Home Life and Identity: A Qualitative Case Study
Paddock, K., Wilson, C. B., Walshe, C., & Todd, C. J. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny090 · Cited by 99
Wakefield, J., Bickley, S., & Sani, F. (2013) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.02.002 · Cited by 100
Capturing Changes in Social Identities over Time and How They Become Part of the Self‐concept
Amiot, C. E., de la Sablonnière, R., Smith, L. G. E., & Smith, J. R. (2015) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12169 · Cited by 88
Correia, I. F., & Almeida, A. E. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566139 · Cited by 91
Ashworth, F., Gracey, F., & Gilbert, P. (2011) · Brain Impairment · doi:10.1375/brim.12.2.128 · Cited by 92
Schnohr, P., O’Keefe, J. H., Holtermann, A., Lavie, C. J., Lange, P., Jensen, G. B., & Marott, J. L. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.06.025 · Cited by 90
Interpellating recovery: The politics of ‘identity’ in recovery-focused treatment
Fomiatti, R., Moore, D., & Fraser, S. (2017) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.04.001 · Cited by 85
Cameron, J. E., Voth, J., Jaglal, S. B., Guilcher, S. J. T., HAWKER, G. A., & Salbach, N. M. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.007 · Cited by 99
Foundations of community disaster resilience: well-being, identity, services, and capitals
Miles, S. B. (2015) · Environmental Hazards · doi:10.1080/17477891.2014.999018 · Cited by 82
Shared identity predicts enhanced health at a mass gathering
Khan, S. S., Hopkins, N., Reicher, S. D., Tewari, S., Srinivasan, N., & Stevenson, C. (2014) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430214556703 · Cited by 84
How Multiple Social Identities Are Related to Creativity
Steffens, N. K., Gocłowska, M. A., Cruwys, T., & Galinsky, A. D. (2015) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167215619875 · Cited by 84
Social Identity and Psychosis: Associations and Psychological Mechanisms
McIntyre, J. C., Wickham, S. L., Barr, B., & Bentall, R. P. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx110 · Cited by 83
Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Ysseldyk, R., McCloskey, L., Pfisterer, K. J., & Brown, S. G. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.845871 · Cited by 87
Self-citationLeaders Enhance Group Members' Work Engagement and Reduce Their Burnout by Crafting Social Identity
Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Kerschreiter, R., Schuh, S. C., & van Dick, R. (2014) · German Journal of Human Resource Management Zeitschrift für Personalforschung · doi:10.1177/239700221402800110 · Cited by 82
Jones, J. M., Williams, W. H., Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., Harris, A., & Gleibs, I. H. (2012) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02074.x · Cited by 86
Self-citationScarf, D., Moradi, S., McGaw, K., Hewitt, J., Hayhurst, J., Boyes, M., Ruffman, T., & Hunter, J. (2016) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12151 · Cited by 94
Ysseldyk, R., Haslam, S. A., & Haslam, C. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2013.799120 · Cited by 87
Self-citationBest, D. W., Irving, J., Collinson, B., Andersson, C., & Edwards, M. (2016) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347324.2016.1256718 · Cited by 84
Lyons, A., & Hosking, W. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0315-1 · Cited by 81
Detecting and Experiencing Prejudice
Barreto, M., & Ellemers, N. (2015) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.02.001 · Cited by 83
Jaspal, R., & Breakwell, G. M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01681-z · Cited by 74
Cisłak, A., Wójcik, A. D., & Cichocka, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.009 · Cited by 70
Howick, J., Kelly, P., & Kelly, M. (2019) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100402 · Cited by 77
Your Data Is My Data: A Framework for Addressing Interdependent Privacy Infringements
Kamleitner, B., & Mitchell, V. (2019) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/0743915619858924 · Cited by 75
Douglas, J. M. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1574589 · Cited by 72
Cruwys, T., Ng, N. W. K., Haslam, S. A., & Haslam, C. (2020) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12254 · Cited by 72
Self-citationKharshiing, K. D., Kashyap, D., Gupta, K., Khursheed, M., Shahnawaz, M., Khan, N. H., Uniyal, R., & Rehman, U. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00712-6 · Cited by 73
Best, D. W., Lubman, D. I., Savic, M., Wilson, A. S., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014) · Therapeutic Communities The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities · doi:10.1108/tc-04-2013-0007 · Cited by 71
“In times of stress, group membership – and the sense of social identity with which it is associated – confers significant benefits by enhancing the extent to which individuals receive and are in a position to benefit from social support (Haslam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKyprianides, A., Bradford, B., Beale, M., Savigar-Shaw, L., Stott, C., & Radburn, M. (2021) · Policing & Society · doi:10.1080/10439463.2021.1916492 · Cited by 71
Identity Leadership, Social Identity Continuity, and Well-Being at Work During COVID-19
Krug, H., Haslam, S. A., Otto, K., & Steffens, N. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.684475 · Cited by 93
Personal and Social Facets of Job Identity: A Person-Centered Approach
Crocetti, E., Avanzi, L., Hawk, S. T., Fraccaroli, F., & Meeus, W. (2013) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-013-9313-x · Cited by 69
Building addiction recovery capital through online participation in a recovery community
Bliuc, A., Best, D. W., Iqbal, M., & Upton, K. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.09.050 · Cited by 68
Stevenson, C., McNamara, N., & Muldoon, O. T. (2014) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2184 · Cited by 70
Harris, P. R., Griffin, D. W., Napper, L. E., Bond, R., Schüz, B., Stride, C., & Brearley, I. (2018) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2018.1504819 · Cited by 77
Ysseldyk, R., Haslam, S. A., & Morton, T. A. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.04.016 · Cited by 68
Increased Moral Sensitivity for Outgroup Perpetrators Harming Ingroup Members
Molenberghs, P., Gapp, J., Wang, B., Louis, W. R., & Decety, J. (2014) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu195 · Cited by 66
Morton, T. A., Wilson, N., Haslam, C., Birney, M., Kingston, R., & McCloskey, L.-G. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264316664440 · Cited by 67
Self-citationIndependence, loss, and social identity: Perspectives on driving cessation and dementia
Sanford, S., Rapoport, M. J., Tuokko, H. A., Crizzle, A. M., Hatzifilalithis, S., Laberge, S., & Naglie, G. (2018) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301218762838 · Cited by 66
Khan, S. S., Tarrant, M., Kos, K., Daly, M. E., Gimbuta, C., & Farrow, C. V. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2454 · Cited by 66
Miller, K. A., Wakefield, J. R. H., & Sani, F. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.088 · Cited by 74
Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Fox, N. E., & McMahon, H. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.003 · Cited by 66
Wakefield, J. R. H., Sani, F., Madhok, V. B., Norbury, M., Dugard, P., Gabbanelli, C., Arnetoli, M., Beconcini, G., Botindari, L., Grifoni, F., et al. (2016) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-016-9735-z · Cited by 80
van Dick, R., Cordes, B. L., Lemoine, J. E., Steffens, N. K., Haslam, S. A., Akfirat, S. A., Ballada, C. J. A., Bazarov, T. Y., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Avanzi, L., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212081 · Cited by 70
Applying Crowd Psychology to Develop Recommendations for the Management of Mass Decontamination
Carter, H., Drury, J., Rubin, G. J., Williams, R., & Amlôt, R. (2015) · Health Security · doi:10.1089/hs.2014.0061 · Cited by 63
Social identity influences stress appraisals and cardiovascular reactions to acute stress exposure
Gallagher, S. M., Meaney, S., & Muldoon, O. T. (2013) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12056 · Cited by 72
The psychology of health and well-being in mass gatherings: A review and a research agenda
Hopkins, N., & Reicher, S. D. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2015.06.001 · Cited by 62
“This leads to a shift towards greater intimacy and much research shows how shared identity results in greater trust, respect, cooperation, mutual influence, helping, and also expectations of help from others [16–20].”
Zhou, J., Heim, D., & O’Brien, K. (2015) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agv030 · Cited by 63
Albertson, K., Irving, J., & Best, D. W. (2015) · The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1111/hojo.12138 · Cited by 60
Putting identity into the community: Exploring the social dynamics of urban regeneration
Heath, S. C., Rabinovich, A., & Barreto, M. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2296 · Cited by 69
Intended, Unintended, and Unknown Consequences of Contact
Bağci, S. Ç., & Türnüklü, A. (2018) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000355 · Cited by 60
Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
Conneely, M., McNamee, P., Gupta, V., Richardson, J., Priebe, S., Jones, J. M., & Giacco, D. (2021) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa124 · Cited by 60
Identity and norms: the role of group membership in medical student wellbeing
McNeill, K. G., Kerr, A., & Mavor, K. I. (2013) · Perspectives on Medical Education · doi:10.1007/s40037-013-0102-z · Cited by 66
Compassionate goals and affect in social situations
Canevello, A., & Crocker, J. (2017) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-016-9599-x · Cited by 62
Tarrant, M., Carter, M., Dean, S. G., Taylor, R. S., Warren, F. C., Spencer, A. E., Adamson, J., Landa, P., Code, C., & Calitri, R. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025167 · Cited by 58
Villa, D., Causer, H., & Riley, G. A. (2020) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2020.1743773 · Cited by 52
Their own worst enemy? Collective narcissists are willing to conspire against their in‐group
Biddlestone, M., Cichocka, A. K., Główczewski, M., & Cisłak, A. (2022) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12569 · Cited by 59
Barnhardt, C. L., Sheets, J. K. E., & Pasquesi, K. (2015) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-014-9361-8 · Cited by 58
Power in the Power Threat Meaning Framework
Boyle, M. (2020) · Journal of Constructivist Psychology · doi:10.1080/10720537.2020.1773357 · Cited by 58
Enhancing mental health recovery by joining arts-based groups: a role for the social cure approach
Williams, E., Dingle, G. A., Calligeros, R., Sharman, L. S., & Jetten, J. (2019) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2019.1624584 · Cited by 64
Self-citationCruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., Hornsey, M. J., Jetten, J., Oei, T. P. S., & Walter, Z. C. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12042 · Cited by 65
Self-citationWalsh, R. S., Muldoon, O. T., Gallagher, S. M., & Fortune, D. G. (2014) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2014.993658 · Cited by 72
Exploring residents’ experiences of mealtimes in care homes: A qualitative interview study
Watkins, R., Goodwin, V. A., Abbott, R. A., Hall, A., & Tarrant, M. (2017) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0540-2 · Cited by 57
Stevenson, C., Costa, S., Wakefield, J. R. H., Këllezi, B., & Stack, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2020.102271 · Cited by 70
Tarrant, M., Warmoth, K., Code, C., Dean, S., Goodwin, V. A., Stein, K., & Sugavanam, T. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009652 · Cited by 56
Changing Behavior Using Social Cognitive Theory
Łuszczyńska, A., & Schwarzer, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.003 · Cited by 81
Landmann, H., & Rohmann, A. (2021) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12772 · Cited by 72
Mapping social identity change in online networks of addiction recovery
Best, D. W., Bliuc, A., Iqbal, M., Upton, K., & Hodgkins, S. (2017) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1347258 · Cited by 65
Self-Affirmation and Prejudice Reduction: When and Why?
Badea, C., & Sherman, D. K. (2018) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721418807705 · Cited by 55
Gardner, B., Rebar, A. L., & Lally, P. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.041 · Cited by 73
Social Capital in Europe from 1990 to 2012: Trends and Convergence
Sarracino, F., & Mikucka, M. (2016) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1255-z · Cited by 55
Social Connectedness and Health
Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jetten, J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_46-1 · Cited by 55
Self-citationThe effects of social group interventions for depression: systematic review
Dingle, G. A., Sharman, L. S., Haslam, C., Donald, M., Turner, C., Partanen, R., Lynch, J., Draper, G., & van Driel, M. L. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.125 · Cited by 54
Self-citationStuart, A., Stevenson, C., Koschate, M., Cohen, J., & Levine, M. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12536 · Cited by 52
Levack, W., Boland, P., Taylor, W., Siegert, R., Kayes, N., Fadyl, J., & McPherson, K. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004630 · Cited by 60
To be or not to be (an older driver): social identity theory and driving cessation in later life
Pachana, N. A., Jetten, J., Gustafsson, L. A., et al. (2016) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x16000507 · Cited by 54
Self-citationThe social trajectory of brain tumor: a qualitative metasynthesis
Cubis, L., Ownsworth, T., Pinkham, M. B., & Chambers, S. K. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1315183 · Cited by 54
Connecting to Community: A Social Identity Approach to Neighborhood Mental Health
Haslam, S. A., Fong, P., Haslam, C., & Cruwys, T. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683231216136 · Cited by 60
Self-citationBegeny, C. T., & Huo, Y. J. (2017) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2292 · Cited by 51
Fernández, S., Branscombe, N. R., Gómez, Á., & Morales, J. F. (2012) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029280 · Cited by 59
Systems Education for a Sustainable Planet: Preparing Children for Natural Disasters
Ronan, K. R., & Towers, B. (2014) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems2010001 · Cited by 58
Zhou, J., & Heim, D. (2014) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agu061 · Cited by 52
Greenaway, K. H., & Kalokerinos, E. K. (2017) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2017.1331874 · Cited by 54
Ng, N. W. K., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., & Cruwys, T. (2018) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2349 · Cited by 58
Self-citationConstruction at Work: Multiple Identities Scaffold Professional Identity Development in Academia
Bentley, S. V., Peters, K., Haslam, S. A., & Greenaway, K. H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00628 · Cited by 64
Mass Gatherings, Health, and Well‐Being: From Risk Mitigation to Health Promotion
Hopkins, N., & Reicher, S. D. (2020) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.12071 · Cited by 51
Social cure and social curse: Social identity resources and adjustment to acquired brain injury
Muldoon, O. T., Walsh, R. S., Curtain, M., Crawley, L., & Kinsella, E. L. (2018) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2564 · Cited by 61
Hameed, I., Ijaz, M. U., & Sabharwal, M. (2021) · Public Personnel Management · doi:10.1177/00910260211001397 · Cited by 51
Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Knight, C., Gleibs, I. H., Ysseldyk, R., & McCloskey, L. (2012) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12012 · Cited by 55
Self-citationMartin, R., Levack, W., & Sinnott, K. A. (2014) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2014.961653 · Cited by 50
Metadata
- Authors
- Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Haslam, S. A.
- Venue
- Psychology Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Psychology Press
- Published
- 2012-01-25
- OpenAlex
- W1559927942
- Cited by
- 993
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 68 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 53 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 54.68
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Community Health and Development
- Keywords
- social identity, group membership, social networks, social support, sense of community, well-being, mental health, physical health, coping, adaptation to illness, vulnerable populations, social psychology of health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review