The DOI matches its Crossref record.
College Students’ Sense of Belonging
Abstract
This book explores how belonging differs based on students’ social identities, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or the conditions they encounter on campus. Belonging—with peers, in the classroom, or on campus—is a critical dimension of success at college. It can affect a student’s degree of academic adjustment, achievement, aspirations, or even whether a student stays in school. The 2nd Edition of College Students’ Sense of Belonging explores student sub-populations and campus environments, offering readers updated information about sense of belonging, how it develops for students, and a conceptual model for helping students belong and thrive. Underpinned by theory and research and offering practical guidelines for improving educational environments and policies, this book is an important resource for higher education and student affairs professionals, scholars, and graduate students interested in students’ success. New to this second edition: A refined theory of college students’ sense of belonging and review of current literature in light of new and emerging theories; Expanded best practices related to fostering sense of belonging in classrooms, clubs, residence halls, and other contexts; Updated research and insights for new student populations such as youth formerly in foster care, formerly incarcerated adults, and homeless students; Coverage on a broad range of topics since the first edition of this book, including cultural navigation, academic spotting, and the…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“suggesting a lack of a sense of belonging”
From "It Just Makes It Feel Like You're Not Alone": A Qualitative Study of a Social Support Group for High-Achieving, Low-Income STEM Majors (2024) · cites this paper as Strayhorn, 2018
In the citing paper
“As defined by Strayhorn [104], 'sense of belonging refers to students' perceived social support on campus, a feeling or sensation of connectedness, and the experience of mattering or feeling cared about, accepted, respected, valued by, and important to the campus community or others on campus such as faculty, staff, and peers.'”
From "I'd Never Actually Realized How Big An Impact It Had Until Now": Perspectives of University Students with Disabilities on Generative Artificial Intelligence (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 846
Communicating Effectively With Your Dissertation Advisor and Committee
Carlson, K., Andres, J. D., & Roland, J. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-4905-9.ch011
The Intersection of Enrollment Management and the Black Village
Graham, T. M. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-1335-1.ch006
Maia, A., Martinez, N., & Dudas, D. (2025) · New Directions for Student Services · doi:10.1002/ss.70011
Tomlin, A. D., Cole, M., & Wilson, T. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0305-5.ch008
Gillian‐Daniel, A. L., Cors, R., Crone, W. C., Zavala, V. M., Johnson, D., & Phillips, K. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--56586
Bridging Pathways: Empowering Latinx STEM Students Through Belonging, Support, and Equity
Arellano, L., & Rodriguez, M. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--56012
McDevitt, M. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--55988
Thompson, A. K., Buckley, J. B., Tretter, T. R., ROBINSON, B. J., & Sattar-Shamsabadi, G. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--55311
Lepe, M., Currie, S., Kaufman-Ortiz, K. J., Díaz, C., Dorvè‐Lewis, G., DeAngelo, L., & Buswell, N. T. (2025) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--57750
Cadeira, H. C., Prudencio, A. C. M., de Jesus, C. F., & da Silva, D. S. S. (2025) · Caderno Pedagógico · doi:10.54033/cadpedv22n10-197
Taking Off the Rose-Colored Glasses: Experiences of Sexual Assault and Institutional Mistrust
Petruzzello, G., O’Sullivan, L. F., & Belu, C. F. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251363617
Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios: Variaciones según sexo y edad
Vera, G. E. A. (2025) · Revista de Ciencias Sociales · doi:10.31876/cs.v31i3.44293
Reimagining TEL - Redesigning Technology for the Promotion of Students’ Sense of Belonging
Santos, C., Pedro, L. F. M. G., Aresta, M., & Carvalho, A. R. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-03873-9_29
Fields, N., & Johnson, D. D. (2025) · Journal of Minority Achievement Creativity and Leadership · doi:10.5325/minoachicrealead.3.1-2.0171
The Current State of Recognition Ceremonies for Entry-Level Nursing Graduates
Ludwig‐Beymer, P., Pudelek, B., Morrow, M. R., & Kratovil, A. L. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Education · doi:10.3928/01484834-20250516-01
How Does Financial Support Influence Student Success? Developing Theory and Evaluation
Moores, E., Thomas, L., & Woodfield, L. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83549-954-220251005
Making the Leap: Recent College Graduates’ Early Career Experiences in Computing Fields
Lehman, K. J., Sundar, S., & Rajninger, T. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15091239
Dhopade, P., Tizard, J., Watson, P. W. S. J., Fox, A., Allen, T., Namik, H., Karan, A., Roy, R., & Blincoe, K. (2025) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.70029
How Liberal Arts College Websites in the US Are (or Are Not) Discussing Autism
Crehan, E. T., Phillips, A., Ngo, A., Donaghue, A., Bartlett, N., Rothstein, D., & Dufresne, S. (2025) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities5040089
Jeng, A. (2025) · The Journal of Experimental Education · doi:10.1080/00220973.2025.2565175
The U.S. Needs All Hands on Deck: Toward a Model of Broader Efficacy in Engineering Education and R
Carpenter, J. P., & Johnson-Bey, C. (2025) · doi:10.18260/3-1-1153-36079
Wallace, J. K., Ford, J. R., & Ball, J. D. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80592-224-720251018
Brutto, L., Chen, A. Z., Pullen, R., Kyne, S. H., & George-Williams, S. (2025) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d5rp00284b
Perez, M.-V., Linley, J. L., Stroup, N. R., Tennessen, N. F., & Gyesi, M. (2025) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2025.2559589
Garcia, S., & Williamson, B. (2025) · Pedagogy Critical Approaches to Teaching Literature Language Composition and Culture · doi:10.1215/15314200-11874299
Beatty, C. C., & Ford, J. R. (2023) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-218-820251003
Transitions in Academia: Preparing for Postdoctoral Applications Through an Autoethnographic Lens
Jade, N. B. N. (2025) · Belonging. · doi:10.1177/30290805251359444
Strategies for Virtual, Online, and Hybrid Education
Haque, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-04788-5_8
Examining the Nexus: A Statistical Analysis of Factors Shaping Academic Performance
Hamza, A., & Saddiqua, A. (2024) · International Journal of Education Language and Religion · doi:10.35308/ijelr.v6i2.9217
Kirui, J. K., Dinga, J. N., & Oyoo, S. A. (2025) · Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.11648/j.pbs.20251405.13
Reflective Learning and Well-Being: ASPIRE’s Pathway to Belonging and Resilience
Awolowo, I. F. (2025) · Palgrave studies in race, inequality and social justice in education · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-07208-5_4
Five Ways to Foster a Sense of Belonging
Neuman, L. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-681-020251016
Hanshaw, G. (2025) · Artificial intelligence · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1012800
Lynch, R. J. (2024) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-467-020251028
Gilani, D. (2025) · Pastoral Care in Education · doi:10.1080/02643944.2025.2592920
Can personalised support based on personal goals foster MBA student belonging?
Lim, L.-A., Wakefield, J., & Ramanathan, S. (2025) · ASCILITE Publications · doi:10.65106/apubs.2025.2721
Exploring Staff Belonging in Curriculum Transformation: Reflections from Change Makers
Smith, L., Mogashana, D., & Swartz, B. (2025) · World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC) · doi:10.1109/weef-gedc66748.2025.11256201
Ammar, A., douss, N., Omri, N., Chelly, S., Ezzi, O., kssiaa, M., & Mahjoub, M. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.155962.1
Staying the course: investigating motivations for first-semester engineering students
Rees, E., Løje, H., & Duedahl‐Olesen, L. (2025) · European Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1080/03043797.2025.2596793
Anchored by connection: Faculty mentorship as a catalyst for student belonging and retention
Hathaway, E. D., & Hamilton, K. C. (2025) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2025.2593310
Daniels, M. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83708-595-820251006
(2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-64802-922-620251010
Monjaras‐Gaytan, L. Y., Sánchez, B., Raposa, E. B., Lovell, C., & Salusky, I. (2025) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.70038
Tang, C., Thyer, L., Bye, R. A., Kenny, B., Tulliani, N., Peel, N., Gordon, R., Penkala, S., Tannous, C., Sun, Y., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22601330
Castle, S. D., Byrd, W. C., Koester, B. P., Pearson, M. I., Bonem, E. M., Caporale, N., Cwik, S., Denaro, K., Fiorini, S., Li, Y., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26685015
Tang, C., Thyer, L., Bye, R. A., Kenny, B., Tulliani, N., Peel, N., Gordon, R., Penkala, S., Tannous, C., Sun, Y.-T., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22601327
Development and validation of Students’ Library Alienation Scale (SLAS): a factor analysis approach
Pandey, C. S., Pandey, S. R., Mishra, P., & Pandey, S. (2025) · Reference Services Review · doi:10.1108/rsr-12-2024-0080
Gamagedara, D., Raheja, H., Laville, A., & Chandar, A. M. (2025) · Psychology Teaching Review · doi:10.53841/bpsptr.2025.31.2.50
Salazar, C., Wang, S. L., Martínez, F. A., & Gomez, D. A. C. (2025) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-86738-5_5-1
Increasing College Graduation Rates: What Works?
Björk, C., Taylor, W. M., Vu, K., Quock, M., Pinol, A., Eshetu, M., & Bradley, E. H. (2025) · Higher Education Quarterly · doi:10.1111/hequ.70096
Dorwart, C. E., & Patterson, T. (2025) · Recreational Sports Journal · doi:10.1177/15588661251409660
Enhancing Social Identity Through Technology-Enhanced National Education Programs
Saraerah, A. (2025) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87584-7_77
Pulliam, N., Smith, V., Bethea, L. N., Nicholson, W., & O’Brien, L. (2026) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2025.2604479 · Cited by 1
Golembiewski, L. A., & Bartsch, R. A. (2026) · International journal of LGBTQ+ youth studies. · doi:10.1080/29968992.2026.2614498
An Initial Study of the Success of a Winter Break Calculus 1 Course
Benim, R. W., & Chang, S. (2026) · PRIMUS · doi:10.1080/10511970.2025.2589477
Ecology of Belonging for Black/White Multiracial Students in a Predominantly White University
Wright, N. L. (2026) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2025.2585179
Adeyinka-Ojo, S., & Lew, T. Y. (2026) · Acta Pedagogia Asiana · doi:10.53623/apga.v5i1.981
Salazar, C., Wang, S. L., Martínez, F. A., & Gomez, D. A. C. (2026) · Higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05671-9_5
Abdelhamid, M., Pattison, D. L., Horn, C. L., Templeton, T., Cerna, E., Uzman, A., Gad, S., von Miller, D., Tolbert, M., Akladios, M., et al. (2026) · Industry and Higher Education · doi:10.1177/09504222261417855
Support Beyond the Playing Field: Advising Black Student-Athlete Organizations at PWIs
Savage, B. A., & Ofoegbu, E. D. (2026) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2025.2592745
Rubin, O., & Deutsch, N. N. (2026) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-025-01587-w
Introducing Inclusive Pedagogy Education to College Educators
Stephens, V. L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76750-0_21
Brown, C., & Okojie, F. A. (2026) · Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.14738/assrj.1301.19894
Strategies for Integrating Arts-Based Mindfulness Into Higher Education Policies
Subrahmanyam, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3877-4.ch017
College Readiness Reflexivity Amid Racialized and Changing Sociopolitical Contexts
Murillo, M. A., Dimagiba, A. G., Quartz, K. H., & Trinchero, B. (2026) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/00420859261417346
Faculty support and belonging among international students
Samadieh, H., Rashidi, M., Dashtbayazi, N., & Ghanbari, Z. (2026) · Journal of International Students · doi:10.32674/d5pera67 · Cited by 1
Zhao, B., & Peng, C. (2026) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-026-01639-9
Developing a Survey Instrument for Sense of Belonging in Computing Courses
Fong, M. M., Watkins, A., & Herman, G. L. (2026) · ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) · doi:10.1145/3770762.3772521
Dumas, T., Lyons, T., Edwards, E. J., Harris, D., & McAdoo, G. (2026) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/s11256-026-00803-w
Rathod, K., Wagner, A., Broadaway, T., Tesi, A., & Goodhines, P. A. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2626144
Salazar, L. R., Peeples, S., Dana, K., Zhao, C., Morgan, A. S., Osei-Hwere, E. M., & Brooks, M. E. (2026) · Journal of International Education in Business · doi:10.1108/jieb-02-2025-0019
Breaking Barriers: Fostering STEM Belonging and Success through Early Student-Faculty Interactions
Townsend, A., Revels, J., Chapman, A., & Hemler, D. (2025) · Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science · doi:10.55632/pwvas.v97i3.1208
Reflection and Action Steps on Relationship-Rich Education
Conteh, A. (2026) · The Pinnacle A Journal by Scholar-Practitioners · doi:10.61643/c69874
Rachmawati, R., Juniarly, A., & Nugroho, I. P. (2026) · doi:10.30688/janzssa.2026-2-02
Kouassi, J.-M., Nair, T., & Pohlschröder, M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9031942/v1
Identity Salience and Field‐Course Engagement: From Deficits to Assets
Olson, A. N., Vandvik, V., Cotner, S. H., & Lane, A. K. (2026) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.73230
Fields, A. M., Stinnett, C. V., Hill, R. B. S., Rohack, D., & Plotner, A. J. (2026) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2026.2641516
Faculty Authentic Leadership in the Classroom and First-Year Student Outcomes
Stottlemyre, K. K. (2026) · Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/15210251261433176
Vice, J., Jackson, J., Beckett, K. S., Finamore, D., O'Neal, C., Bahle, M., & Velky, S. (2026) · International Journal of Bias Identity and Diversities in Education · doi:10.4018/ijbide.405238
Guillaume, R. O., & Bott-Lyons, T. C. (2026) · Journal of First-generation Student Success · doi:10.1080/26906015.2026.2618029
Bringing Our Whole Selves: Senior-Level Student Affairs Administrators and Sense of Belonging
Sommers, J. K., & Potts, C. (2026) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2026.2622056
Matera, C., Paradisi, M., Ciucci, L., Guidi, E., & Nerini, A. (2026) · LGBTQ+ Family An Interdisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/27703371.2026.2647292
Jackson, B. D., Robinson, B. H., Madison, M. J., & Andrews, T. C. (2026) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.25-09-0199
Schiffecker, S. M. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4427-0.ch007
Corso, A. R., Harris, T. N., & Visser, V. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4427-0.ch004
Increasing Law Student Belonging: Student Services Professionals as Cultural Navigators
Petzold, J. M., & Deo, M. E. (2026) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642261431482
EDUCATION: Queer Inclusion and Belonging in Computing
Miller, J. (2026) · ACM Inroads · doi:10.1145/3797964
General Education at a Crossroads
Rantz, R. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-6592-3.ch004
Cao, Z., Zhao, Y., Dicke, A., Eccles, J. S., & Lee, H. R. (2026) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2026.2656668
Thompson, S., Ong, L. L., Marquez, B., Molina, A. J. A., Trinidad, D. R., & Edland, S. D. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.15.26350982
Editorial: Empowerment through education innovative interventions for higher education students
Chianese, G., Manuti, A., Oliveira, Í. M., Pinto, J. C., & Silva, A. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1838152
Webb, J. M. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-033-320261006
Permatasari, W. R., Suryaratri, R. D., & Wahyuni, L. D. (2026) · PAEDAGOGY Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Psikologi · doi:10.51878/paedagogy.v6i2.9926
Indian STEM student migrants’ practices in Kazakhstan: a mixed-methods study
Schartner, A., Shields, S., Mingisheva, N., Liu, C., & Liu, Y. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01422-z
Belonging and Place: A Case Study of Digital Practice at the University of the Highlands and Islands
Stewart, B. E. (2026) · AISHE-J · doi:10.62707/hemh8524
Find Your People: A Division Wide Collaborative to Improve Student Belonging
Mullen, J., Rendon, A., & Hyatt, R. Y. (2026) · New Directions for Higher Education · doi:10.1002/he.70023
MacDonald, H. Z. (2026) · Journal of College Student Mental Health · doi:10.1080/28367138.2026.2667212
Walker, S., Smyth, L., Aggio‐Bruce, R., & Chong, J. J. S. (2026) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2026.2669515
Fong, M. M., Watkins, A., & Herman, G. L. (2026) · Computer Science Education · doi:10.1080/08993408.2026.2667870
Video game or exercise? College students’ perceptions and adherence to exergames
Kim, Y., & Kim, H.-S. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2671932
Metadata
- Authors
- Strayhorn, T. L.
- Corresponding author
- Strayhorn, Terrell L.
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2018-09-03
- OpenAlex
- W4239060293
- Cited by
- 803
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 219 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 36.03
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Practises and Engagement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- sense of belonging, university students, social identity, academic adjustment, student retention, student success, student support services, campus climate, race, gender, sexual orientation, formerly incarcerated students, homeless students, cultural navigation, residence halls, classroom belonging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review