The DOI matches its Crossref record.
College Students’ Sense of Belonging
Abstract
This book explores how belonging differs based on students’ social identities, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, or the conditions they encounter on campus. Belonging—with peers, in the classroom, or on campus—is a critical dimension of success at college. It can affect a student’s degree of academic adjustment, achievement, aspirations, or even whether a student stays in school. The 2nd Edition of College Students’ Sense of Belonging explores student sub-populations and campus environments, offering readers updated information about sense of belonging, how it develops for students, and a conceptual model for helping students belong and thrive. Underpinned by theory and research and offering practical guidelines for improving educational environments and policies, this book is an important resource for higher education and student affairs professionals, scholars, and graduate students interested in students’ success. New to this second edition: A refined theory of college students’ sense of belonging and review of current literature in light of new and emerging theories; Expanded best practices related to fostering sense of belonging in classrooms, clubs, residence halls, and other contexts; Updated research and insights for new student populations such as youth formerly in foster care, formerly incarcerated adults, and homeless students; Coverage on a broad range of topics since the first edition of this book, including cultural navigation, academic spotting, and the…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“suggesting a lack of a sense of belonging”
From "It Just Makes It Feel Like You're Not Alone": A Qualitative Study of a Social Support Group for High-Achieving, Low-Income STEM Majors (2024) · cites this paper as Strayhorn, 2018
In the citing paper
“As defined by Strayhorn [104], 'sense of belonging refers to students' perceived social support on campus, a feeling or sensation of connectedness, and the experience of mattering or feeling cared about, accepted, respected, valued by, and important to the campus community or others on campus such as faculty, staff, and peers.'”
From "I'd Never Actually Realized How Big An Impact It Had Until Now": Perspectives of University Students with Disabilities on Generative Artificial Intelligence (2025) · cites this paper as [104]
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 846
Baciu, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1819548
Kristl, N., Sočan, G., & Radovan, D. M. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18104858
Taştan, S., Kılıç, H. F., Denizer, G. M. A., & Budak, V. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09498-9
Stallworth, R., Maurici-Pollock, D., Obler, J., & Starr, R. A. (2026) · Information and Learning Sciences · doi:10.1108/ils-07-2025-0123
Walker, S., Smyth, L., Platow, M. J., Venville, G. J., & Willis, T. (2026) · Perspectives Policy and Practice in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13603108.2026.2673441
Gurley, D. K., & Fifolt, M. M. (2026) · Improving Schools · doi:10.1177/13654802261437174
Exploring a Structured Social Year Wheel for Belonging in Higher EducationPreprint
Sørensen, Y., Bjørndal, K. E. W., & Bjerknes, A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9302981/v1
Belonging and the post-pandemic university: a research-creation approach
Farrell, E., Bergin, S. D., & Farrelly, R. (2026) · Information and Learning Sciences · doi:10.1108/ils-08-2025-0146
Wiesel-Brown, A. R. (2026) · International Journal of Education Culture and Society · doi:10.11648/j.ijecs.20261103.11
Redline, R., Jones, A., & Almonroeder, T. G. (2026) · Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions · doi:10.3352/jeehp.2026.23.11
Kanwal, P., Kumari, D., Nath, S. K., & Meitei, K. U. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2168-2.ch007
Tyagi, V. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-2168-2.ch006
Knof, H., Berndt, M., (462974), A. H.-W., Hirt, B., & Shiozawa, T. (2026) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/86893
Changing the Narrative: Be the HBCU Leader Who Makes a Difference
Bryant-Martin, C., & Fields, M. E. (2026) · Educational Justice Journal · doi:10.64262/c2y73.v5i2.001
Conditional belonging and identity construction among migrant students and professionals in STEM
García-Silva, E., García-Holgado, L., & García-Herrero, M. (2026) · Discover Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43621-026-03767-9
Mathew, S. S. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1015825
Proactive Caring: A Model for Supporting Underserved Students in Postsecondary Education
Lane, T. B., Perez, E. N., & Patterson-Stephens, S. M. (2026) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth6020072
International Student Engagement in Higher Education
Elkord, N., Mousavi, S., & Zhong, X. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5398-2.ch006
Transformational Leadership, Learning Organizations, and Dynamic Classroom Management
Tabrizi, S. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5398-2.ch011
Enhancing International Student Success in U.S. Higher Education
Rao, H. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-5398-2.ch001
A Multidimensional Model of Student-Teacher Relationship in Higher Education
Pašić, D. (2026) · The Proceedings of the International Academic Conference on Teaching, Learning and Education. · doi:10.33422/tleconf.v3i1.1930
(Re)Considering Racial Microaffirmations in Higher Education for Transracial Adoptees
Devost, A., & Kurland, W. M. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-793-020251022
Fortuin, G. S., & Steenkamp, G. (2026) · International journal of evidence based coaching and mentoring · doi:10.1177/17418305261459811
Young Adults’ Public and Private Support for Higher Education in America
Ecton, W. G., & Metcalfe, C. M. (2026) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-026-09919-z
Changule, M. F. A., Jonas, E. F., Banze, G. L., Chirrime, V. I. L., & Changule, A. P. (2026) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v15i6.51232
Resonating the Success Stories of First-Generation University Students in Cebu, Philippines
Bustos, R. T. (2026) · The Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research · doi:10.61211/mjqr120107
Mello, M., Santos, M. A. P., Lima, T., Rodrigues, L., Xavier, C., da Costa, N. T., & Mello, R. F. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29791-4_20
Vasquez, J. G., & Howell, E. (2026) · SCHOLE A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education · doi:10.1080/1937156x.2026.2693295
Kim, S. Y. (2026) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2026.2695682
Predictors of Student Success for Addiction Studies College Students
Ludwig, R. (2026) · Journal of College Reading and Learning · doi:10.1080/10790195.2026.2692343
Santosa, D. B., & Ilmi, A. M. (2026) · Jurnal Pembelajaran Bimbingan dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan · doi:10.17977/um065.v6.i10.2026.1
Quandt, V. I., Ondrusch, N., & Anumala, S. (2026) · IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) · doi:10.1109/educon67543.2026.11574182
Schusler, T. M., Jing, P., Dahal, D., Maertens, J., Zapata, I. B., Zhang, B., Sablan, O., Pollack, I. B., Hartnett, N., Bautista, O., et al. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s13412-026-01121-z
The Complete College Skills Guide for Neurodivergent Students
Ardón, F. (2026) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003750246
Midterm Grades and Student Persistence
Chen, H.-T. M., Paul, G., & Kaukinen, C. E. (2026) · College Teaching · doi:10.1080/87567555.2026.2696297
Islem, S., Zeng, B., Creps, R., Rowan‐Kenyon, H. T., & Boatman, A. (2026) · Belonging. · doi:10.1177/30290805261464342
University Climate and First-Year Persistence Plans in Chile: An Assessment of Student Experiences
Ríos, M. J. D. L. (2026) · Journal of Hispanic Higher Education · doi:10.1177/15381927261462438
Mapping belonging and intersectionality: international TESOL graduate students’ experiences in Korea
Han, S. S., Yu, S., & Park, E. S. (2026) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571736.2026.2698069
Sense of Belonging and Intent to Return in a STEM Internship Program
Vicente, S., & Matusovich, H. (2026) · New Directions for Higher Education · doi:10.1002/he.70027
Negotiating belonging: a constructivist grounded theory of transfer students’ experiences in STEM
Holliday, K. H., Shahoy, S., Lo, S. M., & Juavinett, A. (2026) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-026-00633-y · Cited by 1
Wyatt, L. (2026) · Journal of Social Work and Social Welfare Policy · doi:10.33790/jswwp1100190
Alone Together? New Insights on Belonging for Student and Institutional Success
Felten, P., & Pleschová, G. (2026) · Change The Magazine of Higher Learning · doi:10.1080/00091383.2026.2657781
Kelley, J. (2026) · Adult Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/07417136251411908
Darzhinova, L., & Canagarajah, S. (2026) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2026-0036
Ames, M. S. (2026) · East African Journal of Education Studies · doi:10.37284/eajes.9.3.5399
Fewer courses, longer degrees: multidimensional risk profiling of academic trajectory gaps
Paz, A. I. L., & Stambuk‐Castellano, M. (2026) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2026.2694416
Zreim, S., & Jordan, S. (2026) · Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management · doi:10.1080/1360080x.2026.2701372
Amedoadzi, F. (2026) · Journal of Black Studies · doi:10.1177/00219347261469597
Webster, A. L. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-205-420261004
Knibb, J. (2025) · Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island) · doi:10.23860/diss-4492
Livingston, S. E., Plotner, A. J., Hill, R. B. S., & Norland, K. M. (2026) · Inclusive Practices · doi:10.1177/27324745261468320
Dillard, C. (2026) · New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development · doi:10.1177/19394225261474301
SAÚDE MENTAL, PARTICIPAÇÃO E PERTENCIMENTO ACADÊMICO
Antoniassi, G. (2026) · Revista Espaço do Currículo · doi:10.15687/rec.v19i2.79029
Reyes, D., & Verdín, D. (2026) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2026.2708292
Integrating well-being strategies into STEM education
Mzinyane, N. N. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1832158
Why Even the Most Anti-Woke, Late-Stage Capitalists Should Care About Sense of Belonging
Miller, A. L. (2026) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/01614681261473708
Architects of Belonging: Black Doctoral Students in a Shifting Political Era
Ford, J. R., Bacote, T. J., Callan, I. N., White, L. M., Haggins, G., Reid, T. T., & Belle, T. (2026) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth6030114
Institutional supports and access inequities for deaf college students
Palmer, J. L., Bloom, C. L., Sanderson, M., & Bloxham, K. (2026) · The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education · doi:10.1093/jdsade/enag055
Culturally Intelligent AI for International Student Engagement
Huot, S., & Chay, C. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-9898-3.ch011
Weng, Y.-H., Terogo, I. J., & Dahl, L. S. (2026) · Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education · doi:10.64899/2151-0407.1918
Munoz, C. A. R., Vanderstraeten, L., & Naylor, R. (2026) · Student Success · doi:10.63608/ssj.4130
Hutton, A. K., McGinitie, E. G., & Rempel, B. P. (2026) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.5c01240
Karaali, H. K., Demir, N., & Özcan, Ö. (2026) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2026.2718788
Why Not Me? A Photovoice Study of Belonging and Identity Formation Among Gender Minorities in STEM
Harcharik, D., Davishahl, J., & Stuart, L. S. L. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--60781
Basu, A. N., & Detlor, J. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--61294
Building Community as a Prerequisite for Faculty Mentorship in a Liberal Arts Engineering College
Kabalan, A. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--58653
Dynia, J. M. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59001
Examining Equitable, Student-Centered STEM Undergraduate Instruction Across Three U.S. Institutions
Orman, D. S. J. V., Hanley, D., Melton, J., & Gray, A. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16081346
DeAngelo, L., Díaz, C., Shaw, S., Buswell, N. T., & Godwin, A. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59450
Morris, C., Chandra, K., Tripathy, S., Arias, O., & Often, E. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59142
Early Outcomes of Layered Supports for First-Year CS Majors
Zhan, J., Gaskins, W., Lim, Y. S., Dong, D., Burkhart, N., & Holton, J. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59004
Cammon, J., & Henderson, J. A. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59435
Swan, C., Kelly, J., Yismashewa, B., & Rochdi, S. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59556
Codere, S., & Murray, F. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59789
Aligning Program Goals with Outcomes: An Evidence-Based Study of an Engineering Bridge Program
Benavides-Riano, L., & Mohammadi-Aragh, M. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--58686
Yin, S., Wu, R., Ma, W., & Ou, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1904847
Kayalı, B., Yavuz, M., Üstün, A. G., Uçar, H., Erdoğdu, E., Aydemir, M., & Bozkurt, A. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16091355
Croan, V., Blake, J. J., & Gaylord‐Harden, N. K. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2710665
Smith, E. A. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-459-120261011
Deliberate institutional approaches to closing the ethnicity degree awarding gap
Shafi, A. A., Copland, S. R., & Afriyie, A. C. (2026) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2026.2710226
“We Are Sacred”—Reclaiming Self Through Intersectional Praxis and Pedagogical Imagination
(2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80686-459-120261028
Campus belonging deficit and psychological distress: Sexual minority students at risk
Trinidad, J. R., Moore, B. J., Kurisu, S.-L. S., & Gonzalez, J. A. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2026.2721426
Fung, L. K., McLaughlin, C., & Healy, S. (2026) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330261481550
So You Want to Teach a Field-Based Course: A Practical Toolkit for Teaching Teams
Hernández, L. M. A., Payne, A. R., Kaplanis, N. J., Borker, A. L., Dunkin, R. T., Alissa, L. M., Balachandran, L., Bhatti, H. A., Carr, M., Croll, D. A., et al. (2026) · Integrative Organismal Biology · doi:10.1093/iob/obag047
Kumar, M., Amoozegar, A., Yadav, M., & Dagar, M. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8079-7.ch004
Leading Student Support Through Disruption
Wimbley, I. K. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8079-7.ch007
Belonging Experiences of International Graduate Students
Tang, H., Xiong, Y., Hui, Q., & Cheng, S. (2026) · International Journal of Multicultural Education · doi:10.18251/ijme.v28i2.6661
Multi-Level Integration: Transferable Skill Development at the University of Birmingham
Cooke, N. J., Favero, C., Harrison, T., Mahomed, A., Olorunlambe, K. A., Green, Z., Anthony, C., Foss, H., & Sterling, M. (2026) · doi:10.59490/mt.266.92
Ross, T. M., Dedon, T. G., Krall, C., & Badura-Brack, A. S. (2026) · Journal of Religion & Society Supplement Series · doi:10.64667/tews4647
Bridging the Distance: An Evidence-Based Approach to Inclusive Support for Online Learners
Wang, J., Yuan, T., & Zhong, G. (2026) · International Conference on Distance Education and Learning (ICDEL) · doi:10.1109/icdel70250.2026.11663634
Group-Work Appraisal and Concurrent Indicators of the First-Year University Experience in Japan
Sakai, K., & Shirasaka, S. (2026) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu5030085
Optimizing support: Network churn and the evolution of undergraduate women’s mentorship in STEM
Patterson, M. S., Zhang, Q., Fischer, E. V., Clinton, S. M., Barnes, R. T., & Hernandez, P. R. (2026) · Connections · doi:10.2478/connections-2026-0003
A Multilevel Approach to Examining Transfer Student Belonging in Different Academic Majors
Jones, M., Pastor, D. A., Good, M. R., & Lewis, J. (2026) · Innovative Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10755-026-09949-7
Conducting Transformative Mixed Methods Research in Higher Education: A Primer
Wang, X. (2026) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x261481803
Sense of belonging in doctoral education: a scoping review
Le, A. T., & Munoz, C. A. R. (2026) · Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education · doi:10.1108/sgpe-11-2025-0194
Engaging in First Year: A Mixed-Methods Case Study at a Scottish University
Gorham, J., Saman, G., & Telford, N. (2026) · Compass Journal of Learning and Teaching · doi:10.21100/compass.v19i1.1653
Castillo, S., & Gomez, K. (2026) · Community College Journal of Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/10668926.2026.2730958
Extending belonging beyond campus: The role of community engagement
Amin, M. S., & Veeck, A. (2026) · Journal of Education for Business · doi:10.1080/08832323.2026.2726807
Metadata
- Authors
- Strayhorn, T. L.
- Corresponding author
- Strayhorn, Terrell L.
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2018-09-03
- OpenAlex
- W4239060293
- Cited by
- 803
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 219 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 36.03
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Practises and Engagement
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- sense of belonging, university students, social identity, academic adjustment, student retention, student success, student support services, campus climate, race, gender, sexual orientation, formerly incarcerated students, homeless students, cultural navigation, residence halls, classroom belonging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review