Challenging the universal healthcare systems in Southeast Asia: COVID-19 crisis management in Indonesia and the Philippines
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to analyse policy responses to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and the Philippines. The two countries have put universal health coverage (UHC) in operation since the 2010s, regarded as a big milestone for the development of social protection. The COVID-19 pandemic provides us a unique opportunity to test the universal healthcare systems in action in the two countries, in contrast to the many studies of comparative public healthcare, which focus on institutional structure of public healthcare systems. In order to examine the public healthcare systems in Indonesia and the Philippines in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this chapter adopts a perspective of crisis management which sees a public healthcare system as a part of the wider governance structure of crisis management. It identifies the weaknesses of the public healthcare systems with universal coverage, which manifested in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and suggests that capacity and distribution of universal health care systems should be further improved in the future.
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Three key components of state capacity for crisis governance are cognition, coordination, and capacity to implement.
“Kwon et al, (2023), drawing on Comfort (2007) and Farazmand (2007) have highlighted three key components of state capacity for crisis governance -cognition, co-ordination, and capacity to implement (see Figure 1).”
From Risk Governance, State Capacity, and Critical Human Security: Evolution of Risk Governance in Response to Systemic Risk in the UK and South Korea (2025) · cites this paper as Kwon et al, (2023)
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Kim, E., Oh, Y., & Kennett, P. (2025) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746425000144 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Critical Human Security, State Capacity, and Post-Pandemic Policy Challenges in Europe and East Asia
Lendvai‐Bainton, N., Kwon, H., & Kennett, P. (2025) · Social Policy and Society · doi:10.1017/s1474746425000259 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Kwon, H.-J., Eun Ha, Y., Yang, K., Park, S., & Yi, S.
- Venue
- A Research Agenda for East Asian Social Policy
- Publisher
- Edward Elgar Publishing
- Published
- 2023-04-14
- Pages
- 197-219
- OpenAlex
- W4366496309
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, universal health coverage, public health system, crisis management, health policy response, social protection, Indonesia, Philippines, Southeast Asia, health system capacity, health system weaknesses
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