A Review on “Skin Boosters”: Hyaluronic Acid, Poly-L-lactic Acid and Pol-D-lactic Acid, Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Polynucleotides, Growth Factor, and Exosome
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The chemical method for isolating PDRN often yields a broad molecular weight distribution.
“often yields a broad molecular weight distribution [159,160,161]”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
The paper’s ‘Deoxyribonucleic Fragments (PDRN; PN)’ section discusses DNA fragment size and cosmetic use, but not chemical isolation or the resulting molecular-weight distribution. Searches for those terms found no passage addressing the claim. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe chemical method for isolating PDRN involves multiple steps including thawing, cell lysis, sterilization, molecular weight reduction, precipitation, and granulation.
“it involves multiple steps including thawing, cell lysis, sterilization, molecular weight reduction, precipitation, and granulation”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
The paper’s “Deoxyribonucleic Fragments (PDRN; PN)” section discusses uses and effects of DNA fragments, but not how PDRN is chemically isolated. Searches for the listed steps and for PDRN extraction and purification found no passage describing thawing, cell lysis, sterilization, molecular-weight reduction, precipitation, or granulation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwo primary extraction methods, chemical and non-organic, are used for isolating PDRN from salmon sources.
“Two primary extraction methods, namely chemical and non-organic approaches, are used for isolating PDRN from salmon sources.”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
The Deoxyribonucleic Fragments section discusses PDRN and DNA fragments in wound healing and cosmetic use, but does not describe how PDRN is isolated. Searches for chemical and non-organic extraction approaches and salmon sources found no supporting passage in our copy; the extraction methods mentioned in the Exosome section concern exosomes, not PDRN. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPolynucleotide-based agents are typically refined through proprietary multi-step protocols, often incorporating heat treatment to achieve high DNA content while minimizing residual impurities such as amino acids, low-molecular-weight peptides, and glycosaminoglycans.
“These polynucleotide-based agents are typically refined through proprietary multi-step protocols, often incorporating heat treatment to achieve high DNA content while minimizing residual impurities such as amino acids, low-molecular-weight peptides, and glycosaminoglycans [160].”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe chemical method for isolating PDRN from salmon is cost-effective and technically accessible.
“While the chemical method is cost-effective and technically accessible”
From Comparison of Polynucleotide and Polydeoxyribonucleotide in Dermatology: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
The Deoxyribonucleic Fragments section discusses PDRN and PN in skin care but does not describe isolating PDRN from salmon. Searches for chemical isolation, cost, and technical accessibility found no passage addressing those claims; the cost discussion in the Exosome section concerns exosomes instead. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cites
Extracellular Matrix and Dermal Fibroblast Function in the Healing Wound
Tracy, L. E., Minasian, R. A., & Caterson, E. J. (2016) · Advances in Wound Care · doi:10.1089/wound.2014.0561 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Hur HW, Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Kim HJ. Distribution of the intramuscular innervation of the triceps brachii: clini- cal importance in the treatment of spasticity with botuli- num neurotoxin. Clin Anat. Forthcoming 2023. https://doi. org/10.1002/ca.24004 · DOI
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Hu HW, Kim HJ. Anatomical proposal for botu- linum neurotoxin injection for glabellar frown lines. Toxins (Basel) 2022;14:268.
- Yi KH, Lee HJ, Choi YJ, Lee K, Lee JH, Kim HJ. Anatomical guide for botulinum neurotoxin injection: application to cosmetic shoulder contouring, pain syndromes, and cervical dystonia. Clin Anat 2021;34:822-8.
- Yi KH, Choi YJ, Cong L, Lee KL, Hu KS, Kim HJ. Effective botuli- num toxin injection guide for treatment of cervical dystonia. Clin Anat 2020;33:192-8.
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Lee K, Hu HW, Lee HJ, Kim HJ. Anatomical pro- posal for botulinum neurotoxin injection targeting the pla- tysma muscle for treating platysmal band and jawline lifting: a review. Toxins (Basel) 2022;14:868.
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Kim GY, Yoon SW, Oh W, Kim HJ. Novel anatom- ical proposal for botulinum neurotoxin injection targeting lateral canthal rhytids. Toxins (Basel) 2022;14:462.
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Hu HW, Kim HJ. Novel anatomical guidelines on botulinum neurotoxin injection for wrinkles in the nose region. Toxins (Basel) 2022;14:342.
- Yi KH, Lee HJ, Hur HW, Seo KK, Kim HJ. Guidelines for botuli- num neurotoxin injection for facial contouring. Plast Recon- str Surg 2022;150:562e-571e.
- Lee JJ, Yi KH, Kim HS, An MH, Seo KK, Huh CH, et al. A novel needle-free microjet drug injector using Er:YAG laser: a com- pletely new concept of transdermal drug delivery system. Clin Anat 2022;35:682-5. Erratum in: Clin Anat 2022;35:1152.
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Hu HW, Choi YJ, Lee K, Lee HJ, et al. Novel ana- tomical proposal for botulinum neurotoxin injection target- ing depressor anguli oris for treating drooping mouth corner. Anat Cell Biol. Forthcoming 2023. https://doi.org/10.5115/ acb.22.258 · DOI
- Yi KH, Lee JH, Hu HW, Park HJ, Bae H, Lee K, et al. Novel ana- tomical guidelines for botulinum neurotoxin injection in the mentalis muscle: a review. Anat Cell Biol. Forthcoming 2023. https://doi.org/10.5115/acb.22.266 · DOI
- Kim HM, Ree YS, Park MS, Kim JS, Ahn JH, Yi KH. Clinical guideline: deoxycholic acid injection for submental fat reduc- tion. Aesthetics 2022;3:7-11. · DOI
- Yi KH, Lee JJ, Hur HW, Bae H, Kim HJ. Hyaluronic acid filler in- jection for deep nasolabial folds: a novel intraoral approach. Clin Anat 2022;35:820-3.
- Yi KH, Wook O, Kim HM, Ahn HS, Hu HW, Kim HJ. Anatomical proposal for hyaluronic acid filler injection in subzygomatic arch depression: a dual-plane injection technique. Clin Anat. Forthcoming 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.24015 · DOI
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- Yun WJ, Bang SH, Min KH, Kim SW, Lee MW, Chang SE. Epi- dermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor signal- ing attenuate laser-induced melanogenesis. Dermatol Surg 2013;39:1903-11.
- Lyons A, Stoll J, Moy R. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, split-face study of the efficacy of topical epider- mal growth factor for the treatment of melasma. J Drugs Dermatol 2018;17:970-3.
- Lo Cicero A, Delevoye C, Gilles-Marsens F, Loew D, Dingli F, Guéré C, et al. Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation. Nat Commun 2015;6:7506.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kim, S. T. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17081024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yi, K.-H., Park, M.-S., Ree, Y.-S., & Kim, H. M.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Gangnam View Best Clinic, Seoul, Korea
- Maylin Clinic (Ilsan), Goyang, Korea
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Hyoung Moon
- Venue
- Korean Association For Laser Dernatology And Trichology
- Published
- 2023-04-30
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-5
- ISSN
- 2733-4813 (ISSN-L)
- 2733-631X
- OpenAlex
- W4377861378
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 2.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Korean Association For Laser Dernatology And Trichology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Facial Rejuvenation and Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Keywords
- hyaluronic acid, poly(L-lactic acid), polydeoxyribonucleotide, polynucleotides, growth factors, exosomes, skin rejuvenation, dermal fillers
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