The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale
Open accessAbstract
A Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-J) was developed. In Survey 1, confirmatory factor analysis of data from 366 participants indicated that the SCS-J had an acceptable fit to the model, as well as good internal consistency, similar to the original. In Survey 2, a test-retest correlation of the SCS-J for 101 participants indicated good reliability for the scale. In Survey 3, 148 participants completed the SCS-J and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait form, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The partial correlations between the SCS-J and the other scales were analyzed, using self-esteem, or self-criticism as the control variables. The results demonstrated that self-compassion was associated with self-esteem and the mental health of the Japanese participants. These results indicate that the SCS-J has good reliability and validity as a measure of self-compassion.
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“self-compassion has been found to be lower in Japan than in the United States and Thailand [29,50].”
From Psychological factors associated with social withdrawal (Hikikomori) (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
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Cites
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Self-compassion, Achievement Goals, and Coping with Academic Failure
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Items 101–121 of 121
大地, 菅., 楓, 福., Kojiro, T., & 拓実, 林. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology Research · doi:10.11560/jhpr.200208147
Ando, M., Kukihara, H., & Kurihara, H. (2022) · British journal of healthcare and medical research · doi:10.14738/jbemi.91.11842
Supportive Evidence for the State Self-Compassion Scale Using Japanese SamplesPreprint
Chishima, Y., Sugawara, D., & Mizuno, M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/uk3pf
Supportive Evidence for the State Self-Compassion Scale Using Japanese SamplesPreprint
Chishima, Y., Sugawara, D., & Mizuno, M. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/8q54n
Autocompaixão em Estudantes Universitários: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura
Pereira, M. D., & da Silva, J. P. (2023) · Psico-USF · doi:10.1590/1413-82712023280304 · Cited by 1
“…foi adaptado para alguns idiomas [Alemão (Hupfeld & Ruffieux, 2011); chinês (Chen & Zhou, 2011); francês (Kotsou & Leys, 2016); e japonês (Arimitsu, 2014)] e foram conduzidos estudos de evidências de validade (Deniz et al., 2008; Galiana et al., 2022; Halamová et al., 2017; Mantzios et…”
BackgroundSelf-compassion in welfare professionals: Implications for occupational well-being and client care
Ishikawa, S., Momose, T., Nagamine, D., & Matsuda-Chapman, Y. (2024) · Journal of Health Psychology Research · doi:10.11560/jhpr.230714191
河野, 伸., & 寺尾, 岳. (2023) · Kyushu Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.11642/kyushuneurop.69.1_3
Sekiya, H., & Arimitsu, K. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology Research · doi:10.11560/jhpr.230922155
Self-citationKurebayashi, Y. (2025) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1155/ppc/3340560
“SCS reported that the test-retest reliable coefcient was 0.83 and correlation co-efcients associated with self-esteem and trait anxiety as construct validity were 0.56 and − 0.56 respectively, indicating a good reliable, valid, and popular tool [22].”
InfluentialKobayashi, M., & Seto, M. (2025) · The Japanese Journal of Personality · doi:10.2132/personality.34.1.13
Decoding the mind of self-compassion through a topic modeling analysis of 9000+ free-text narratives
Okano, H., & Nomura, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20682-7 · Cited by 1
“After completing the free-text tasks, participants responded to the Japanese version of the SCS (26 items, 5-point scale) 41 and the Japanese version of the CEAS (7 items, 10-point scale) 42 .”
Gačal, H., Mihić, J., & Gračanin, A. (2025) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2025.2454438
“So far, the scale has been translated into more than 20 languages and the initially obtained six-factor structure of the scale was replicated in several different cultural contexts, for instance in Japan (Arimitsu, 2014), Iran (Azizi et al., 2013), Portugal (Castilho et al., 2015), Spain (Garcia-Campayo et al., 2014),…”
Shimai, S., & Urata, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26611121
Umeda, A., & Ohtsuki, T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1687442
“(3) Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale (Arimitsu, 2014; Neff, 2003): The SCS is a 26-item scale that assesses the tendency to be self-compassionate.”
Izumi, M., Liu, H., & Akifusa, S. (2026) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/jdd.70174
Kurosawa, T., Adachi, K., & Takizawa, R. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/79991
“…(12 items; total score range: 12 ‐ 72; higher scores indicate greater cognitive flexibility); the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Cronbach α =0.94) [35,36], which assesses compassionate self-responding toward oneself across 6 facets (26 items; total score range: 26 ‐ 130; higher scores indicate…”
InfluentialKishi, K., & Suzuki, J. (2026) · Journal of Forensic Practice · doi:10.1108/jfp-07-2025-0074
Gerges, S., Sakr, F., Dabbous, M., Obeïd, S., & Hallit, S. R. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053261417897
“…has been translated and validated in multiple languages across populations, including Brazilian Portuguese (Souza and Reppold, 2020), French (Kotsou and Leys, 2016), Italian (Veneziani et al., 2017), German (Hupfeld and Ruffieux, 2011), Turkish (Deniz et al., 2008), and Japanese (Arimitsu, 2014).”
Miyano, F., Mitsui, N., Ishikawa, S., Okubo, R., & Kato, T. (2026) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint7020063
Muramoto, M., & Ikeda, M. (2026) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.70057
Lee, K.-H., & Oh, K.-R. (2026) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1814251
“As a result, the strength and direction of associations between self-compassion and psychological well-being may differ among South Korean athletes compared with Western counterparts (22).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Arimitsu, K.
- Affiliations
- Komazawa University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Arimitsu, Kohki
- ORCID
- Arimitsu, Kohki
- Venue
- The Japanese journal of psychology
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-59
- ISSN
- 0021-5236 (ISSN-L)
- 1884-1082
- OpenAlex
- W126045610
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Japanese journal of psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (25380944)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- self-compassion, Self-Compassion Scale, Japanese version, scale development, psychometric validation, self-esteem, self-criticism, mental health, narcissism, subjective happiness, anxiety, depression
- MeSH terms
- Empathy, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reproducibility of Results, Asian People
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