The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Extreme Sensory Modulation Behaviors in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
This study examined the incidence of extreme sensory modulation behaviors in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and investigated the consistency of sensory information across measures. Parent report of sensory behaviors in 101 toddlers with ASD was compared with 100 toddlers who were typically developing matched on chronological age and 99 additional infants or toddlers matched on mental age. Measures included the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile, Infant-Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. Toddlers with ASD were most distinct from typically developing groups in their high frequency of underresponsiveness and avoiding behaviors and their low frequency of seeking. Within the toddlers with ASD, there were significant associations across sensory parent report measures, but parent report was not correlated with clinical observation. Findings point to the early onset of an extreme sensory profile in ASD. Occupational therapists need to assess multiple domains of sensory behaviors to accurately identify the needs of toddlers with ASD.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Concretamente, la hipersensibilidad/ hiperreactividad sensorial se ha relacionado con la ansiedad en niños y niñas autistas (Baranek et al., 2006;Ben-Sasson et al., 2007;Green y Ben-Sasson, 2010).”
From Ansiedad y trastornos del espectro del autismo: notas para la intervención psicoeducativa (2022) · cites this paper as Ben-Sasson et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Recent evidence supports both hypo-and-hyper-reactivity to tactile stimuli in ASD, with these responses varying according to stimuli and context (Lane et al., 2011, Crane et al., 2009, Ben-Sasson et al., 2007, Tomchek and Dunn, 2007, Allely, 2013, Brown and Dunn, 2010, Cascio et al., 2008).”
From The impact of atypical sensory processing on social impairments in autism spectrum disorder (2018) · cites this paper as Ben-Sasson et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“(b) these symptoms lessen with age;”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Ben-Sasson et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“These tell the broadly similar story that (a) particular sensory symptoms appear to be more common in ASD than in other developmental disorders;”
From Vision in autism spectrum disorders (2009) · cites this paper as Ben-Sasson et al., 2007
Citations
Cites
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02172145 · Cited by 9,065
Lord, C., Risi, S., Lambrecht, L., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., DiLavore, P. C., Pickles, A., & Rutter, M. (2000) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1023/a:1005592401947 · Cited by 7,520
(2002) · Cited by 2,645
Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.05.001 · Cited by 1,602
Tomchek, S. D., & Dunn, W. (2007) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.61.2.190 · Cited by 1,534
Self-citationDawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271 · Cited by 1,477
Baranek, G. T., David, F. J., Poe, M. D., Stone, W. L., & Watson, L. R. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01546.x · Cited by 975 · cited 9×
“…MA comparison group also is necessary because many children with autism show some degree of intellectual disability (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), and extreme sensory modulation patterns are prevalent in other clinical groups with low MA (e.g., Baranek et al., 2006; Rogers et al., 2003).”
InfluentialDunn, W. (1997) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/00001163-199704000-00005 · Cited by 899
Self-citationThinking in pictures: and other reports from my life with autism
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-5387 · Cited by 692
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–281 of 281
Ayuso, D. M. R., Ortíz‐Rubio, A., Vidal-Ramírez, C., Pérez-Rodríguez, S., & Triviño-Juárez, J. M. (2022) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0164212x.2022.2089435 · Cited by 7
Lee, L., & Lin, H. (2023) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.29333/ejmste/13198 · Cited by 5
Alsaedi, R. H., Carrington, S. B., & Watters, J. J. (2023) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-023-05937-4 · Cited by 7
Stretch marks: a visible expression of connective’s involvement in autism spectrum disorders
Veronese, S., Zoccante, L., Smania, N., & Sbarbati, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1155854 · Cited by 5
The Sensory Experience of Toilet Training and Its Implications for Autism Intervention
Yip, J., Powers, B., & Kuo, F. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/54947 · Cited by 5
Sanchis, S. M. (2015) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.60s01.2015017 · Cited by 5
Klein, C., Miczuga, T., Kost, M. S., Röring, H., Jarczok, T. A., Bast, N., Thiemann, U., Fleischhaker, C., van Elst, L. T., Riedel, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.781409 · Cited by 5
Possible Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sensory Over-Responsivity in Individuals with ASD
Yuan, H.-L., Lai, C. Y. Y., Wong, M. N.-K., Kwong, T. C., Choy, Y. S., Mung, S. W. Y., & Chan, C. C. H. (2022) · Current Developmental Disorders Reports · doi:10.1007/s40474-022-00257-1 · Cited by 5
Galiano, A. R., Mekomedemb, F., Helmlinger, A. E., & Baudouin, J. (2024) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104544 · Cited by 4
Measuring habituation to stimuli: The Italian version of the Sensory Habituation Questionnaire
Tarantino, V., Passerello, N., Ben‐Sasson, A., Podoly, T. Y., Santostefano, A., Oliveri, M., Mandolesi, L., & Turriziani, P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0309030 · Cited by 4
Self-citationИвановна, М. И., & Semeta, M. U. (2020) · Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Psychology · doi:10.21638/spbu16.2020.304 · Cited by 4
Saima, S., Ihara, H., Ogata, H., Gito, M., Murakami, N., Oto, Y., Ishii, A., Takahashi, A., & Nagai, T. (2022) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.249 · Cited by 4
Cardon, G. J., Buckhannon, M., & Rojas, D. C. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108712 · Cited by 5
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Developmental Approaches from Infancy through Early Childhood
Tager-Flusberg, H. B. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9608-3_33 · Cited by 5
Self-citationMademtzi, M. (2016) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 4
van Andel, D. M., van Stel, H. F., Scheepers, F. E., Oostrom, K. J., Haverman, L., & Bruining, H. (2021) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-021-00396-w · Cited by 3
Invited Commentary on “Sensory Sensitivities of Gifted Children”
Dunn, W. (2009) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.63.3.296 · Cited by 3
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Sensory Processing and Emotional Regulation : A Literature Review
작업치료과, 신., Hong, E., & Hong, S.-Y. (2016) · Journal of Korean Society of Sensory Integration Therapists · doi:10.18064/jkasi.2016.14.1.050 · Cited by 3
Vissoker, R. E. (2021) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66445-9_12 · Cited by 3
Araújo, A. P., Pereira, A. P. D. S., & Reis, H. I. D. S. (2021) · Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment · doi:10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.06.1 · Cited by 3
Cardon, G. J., Tindall, K., & Rojas, D. C. (2024) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2025.202618 · Cited by 3
Digital Sensory Phenotyping for Psychiatric Disorders
Dai, R., Yu, C., Xia, C., Zhou, J., Liu, C., & Chen, C. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20200015 · Cited by 3
Bernier, R., & Dawson, G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy303 · Cited by 4
Schupak, B. M. (2014) · Seton Hall University eRepository (Seton Hall University) · Cited by 3
Impairments in the sense of self in children with autism spectrum disorder
Kaganoi, S., Sawada, K., Sota, S., Nagano, S., Takahashi, H., & Kazui, H. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116668 · Cited by 2
Gutiérrez, J., Chang, M., & Blanche, E. I. (2016) · Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.5354/0719-5346.2016.41946 · Cited by 2
Maladaptive behavior in people with intellectual disabilities
Mastilo, B., & Ćalasan, S. (2020) · Биомедицинска истраживања · doi:10.5937/bii2001054m · Cited by 2
Ansiedad y trastornos del espectro del autismo: notas para la intervención psicoeducativa
Sánchez-Cueva, M. S., Alcantud Marín, F., & Alonso-Esteban, Y. (2022) · Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual · doi:10.14201/scero2022534930 · Cited by 1
“Concretamente, la hipersensibilidad/ hiperreactividad sensorial se ha relacionado con la ansiedad en niños y niñas autistas (Baranek et al., 2006; Ben-Sasson et al., 2007; Green y Ben-Sasson, 2010).”
BackgroundSensory Interventions: Evidence and Appropriate Use
Dumont, R. L., Williams, K. L., Barrett, A. L., Schiano, N. R., & Schaaf, R. C. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78143-8_13 · Cited by 1
Sensory-processing informed autism practice for child-centred therapists
Daniel, S. W., Mahler, K., Ray, D. C., Sharp, K., Clairy, K., Inderbitzen, S. M., Laurent, A. C., Fede, J. H., & Delafield‐Butt, J. T. (2026) · Research in Neurodiversity · doi:10.1016/j.rin.2026.100015 · Cited by 1
Assessment Tools of Sensory Processing for Preschool-Aged Children : A Systematic Review
작업치료실, 신. 재., Kim, M.-H., Shin, H.-H., & Kim, K.-M. (2015) · Journal of Korean Society of Sensory Integration Therapists · doi:10.18064/jkasi.2015.13.1.001 · Cited by 1
Sensory Profile in Infant/Toddler: Birth to 36 Months
Nesayan, A. (2022) · Iranian Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1 · Cited by 1
Encoding auditory-visual interactions in a neural model of sensory abnormalities in autism
Noriega, G. (2016) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727535 · Cited by 1
Oral defensiveness in children with autism spectrum disorders at Biruku Foundation, Bandung
Susanto, A., & Sasmita, I. S. (2022) · Scientific Dental Journal · doi:10.4103/sdj.sdj_99_21 · Cited by 1
Little, L. M. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/38jy-n179 · Cited by 1
A Neuroeconomic Theory of Attention- and Task-Switching with Implications for Autism and ADHDPreprint
Landry, P. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2725953 · Cited by 1
Sensory Integration (SI) Therapy
Glennon, T. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_1199 · Cited by 1
Moosa, A. I. (2013) · Cited by 1
Embodied Rhythm Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
Srinivasan, S. M. (2014) · OpenCommons - UConn (University of Connecticut)
Rie, V., & Ginny, L. (2010) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Les troubles neurosensoriels chez cinq enfants autistes d’âge préscolaire
Beaulne, S. (2014) · Revue francophone de la déficience intellectuelle · doi:10.7202/1021264ar
Sanz‐Cervera, P., Andrés, I. F., Cerezuela, G. P., Fraile, I. P., Llongo, E. H., & Escolar, O. (2014)
Cross-CulturalComparisonofSensoryBehaviorsinChildren With Autism
Caron, K. G., Schaaf, R. C., Benevides, T. W., & Gal, E. (2015)
Sabatos‐DeVito, M. (2019) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/78jh-pv95
Sensory Space in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Inpatient Care
Parnell, N., & Rooney, B. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315620312-7
감각통합치료가 지적장애아동의 사회행동과 식사하기에 미치는 영향
김금숙 (2017) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2017.18.10.634
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Transplantation of Intestinal Microbiota
Tiburcio, Á. Z. (2020) · Gastroenterology Medicine & Research · doi:10.31031/gmr.2020.04.000589
Faccini, J. G. (2020) · Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional · doi:10.5354/0719-5346.2020.60545
Motion processing in children with autism
Manning, C. (2014) · IOE EPrints
Sensory processing and behaviour profiling of neurotypical children
Paulsen, T. (2020)
Crossing borders in neurodevelopmental disorders
van Andel, D. M. (2021) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/943
Does training on inhibitory tasks influence alcohol consumption and attitudes
Hegarty, B. D., Rushby, J. A., Johnstone, S. J., Kelly, P. J., & Smith, J. L. (2012) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
Patterson, G., Cummings, K. K., Jung, J., Okada, N. J., Tottenham, N., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., & Green, S. A. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-89328/v1
Patterson, G., Cummings, K. K., Jung, J., Okada, N. J., Tottenham, N., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., & Green, S. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-89328/v2
Green, S. A., Wood, J. J., & Lin, C. E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_474
Jordan, R. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_413-3
Jordan, R. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_413
Pickard-Hengstenberg, H. (2022) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.62109 · Cited by 1
Fazil, H. (2023) · Journal of Development and Social Sciences · doi:10.47205/jdss.2023(4-ii)05
Prospective One-Year Follow-Up of Sensory Processing in Phelan–McDermid Syndrome
Serrada-Tejeda, S., Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza, P., Martínez-Piédrola, R. M., Máximo-Bocanegra, N., Pedrajo, N. T., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. P., Fernández-Gómez, G., & Pérez‐de‐Heredia‐Torres, M. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10061086
Cybersecurity in the Western Balkans and European Regulation
Bajraktari, H., & Qatani, V. (2023) · West Science Law and Human Rights · doi:10.58812/wslhr.v1i04.313
(2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394259472.refs
Mačerauskas, E., Žalys, V., Lucun, A., Tumasonis, R., Laukhammer, E., & Kozič, A. (2024) · SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference · doi:10.17770/sie2024vol2.7823
Novel parent survey measures sensory behaviors incorporating sensory modality and stimulus intensity
Yee, C., Rather, E., Hoque, S., Lee, J., Marton, S. A., Roth, J., Oswald, F. L., Nobleza, K. J., Banerjee, A., Harris, H. K., et al. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43661
Patterson, G., Cummings, K. K., Jung, J., Okada, N. J., Tottenham, N., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., & Green, S. A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16674909
Osório, J. M. A., Rodríguez‐Herreros, B., Romascano, D., Junod, V., Habegger, A., Pain, A., Richetin, S., Yu, P., Isidor, B., Maldergem, L. V., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13725299
Liu, H., Xu, C., Xiao, Y., Tian, L., Li, Y., Zhang, X., & Gao, L. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1665031
Chiem, E., Wagner, L., Hernandez, L. M., Green, S. A., & Dapretto, M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.01.13.26344039
Sensory Over-Responsivity in Autism: A Bidirectional Brain–Gut–Microbiome Model
Ringold, S. M., Cermak, S. A., Labus, J. S., Mayer, E. A., & Aziz‐Zadeh, L. (2026) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-026-07279-3
Self-citationAltérations sexe-dépendantes de la nociception dans un modèle d’autisme induit par le valproate
Glaunec, L. R. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3d445796ze7caz426ezaafaza54d2130e2a3
Laaraje, A., Radi, A., Ourrai, A., Gassim, S., Mamouni, Y. A., Hassani, A. A. H. A. A. , & Abilkassem, R. (2026) · Neuropsychiatrie de l Enfance et de l Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.neurenf.2026.03.004
A Correlation Study Exploring Sensory-Seeking Behavior: An Elusive Concept
Gándara-Gafo, B., Beaudry‐Bellefeuille, I., & Schaaf, R. C. (2026) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2026.051515
Knott, C. E., Roberts, J. E., & Will, E. (2026) · Autism · doi:10.1177/13623613261445633
Pregistered movie-fMRI analyses reveal altered visual feature encoding in autism in pSTSPreprint
Mentch, J., Chen, Y., Vanderwal, T., & Ghosh, S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.111008.1
Pregistered movie-fMRI analyses reveal altered visual feature encoding in autism in pSTSPreprint
Mentch, J., Chen, Y., Vanderwal, T., & Ghosh, S. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.111008
Wang, S., You, C., Chen, K., Liu, L., Xing, Y., Lv, S., Zou, Y., Liang, F., Xu, Y., Ye, Q., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-026-09725-w
Network analysis of anxiety and related factors in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder
Lu, M., Zou, Q., Duan, T., Zhao, J., & He, H. (2026) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2026.105412
Atari-Khan, R. (2014) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Ben-Sasson, A., Cermak, S. A., Orsmond, G. I., Tager-Flusberg, H., Carter, A. S., Kadlec, M. B., & Dunn, W.
- Affiliations
- Ayelet Ben-Sasson, ScD, MAEd, OT, is Postdoctoral Fellow, Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts. Mailing Address: 15 Vitkin Street, Haifa 34757 Israel;
- Boston University (US)
- University of Massachusetts System (US)
- Mary Beth Kadlec, OTR/L, ScD, is Research Project Manager, Child and Family Project, Studies to Advance Autism Research and Treatment Center, Boston
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 584-592
- ISSN
- 0272-9490 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-7676
- OpenAlex
- W2085437864
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Occupational Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54MH066398)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, toddlers, sensory seeking, sensory avoidance, parent report, autism diagnosis, early intervention, occupational therapy assessment
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Autistic Disorder, Child, Preschool, Communication, Family Health, Female, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Language Development Disorders, Male, Parents, Play and Playthings, Sensory Thresholds, Videotape Recording, Age of Onset, Disabled Children, Children with Disabilities, Somatosensory Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
