African Women and Apartheid: Migration and Settlement in Urban South Africa
Abstract
In this compelling study, Rebekah Lee explores the process and consequences of settlement through the everyday lives and testimonies of three generations of African women in Cape Town during the apartheid (1948-94) and post-apartheid periods. How did African women experience apartheid? How did they create a sense of belonging in a city that actively denied and resisted their presence? Through detailed analyses of women's management of domestic economies, their participation in township social organizations, their home renovation priorities and patterns of energy use, this study evokes a larger history of gendered and generational struggles over identity, place and belonging. It provides a deeper and more nuanced understanding of African women in apartheid and post-apartheid society, and of urbanization in South Africa. Drawing together scholarship and new methodologies from anthropology, history, human geography and development studies, "African Women and Apartheid" will be valuable to anyone with interests in South Africa, gender,
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In South Africa, the experience and enactment of motherhood have always taken distinct forms because of colonialism, apartheid and its aftermath.
“In South Africa, the experience and enactment of motherhood have always taken distinct forms because of the effects of changing social and political realities wrought by colonialism, apartheid and its aftermath.”
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mpe, P. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-101 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Peripheries, suburbanisms and change in sub-Saharan African cities
Mabin, A., Butcher, S., & Bloch, R. (2013) · Social Dynamics · doi:10.1080/02533952.2013.796124 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
DEATH ‘ON THE MOVE’: FUNERALS, ENTREPRENEURS AND THE RURAL–URBAN NEXUS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Lee, R. (2011) · Africa · doi:10.1017/s0001972011000040 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationLeague, A. Y. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-054 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Chronicles of Death Out of Place: Management of Migrant Death in Johannesburg
Núñez, L., & Wheeler, B. (2012) · African Studies · doi:10.1080/00020184.2012.702966 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Death in Slow Motion: Funerals, Ritual Practice and Road Danger in South Africa
Lee, R. (2012) · African Studies · doi:10.1080/00020184.2012.702965 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationHunter, M. (2014) · The Journal of African History · doi:10.1017/s0021853714000383 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Black People and Whence They Came
Fuze, M. M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-005 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mbeki, T. M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-084 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Parenting and youth sexual risk in context: The role of community factors
Goodrum, N. M., Armistead, L. P., Tully, E. C., Cook, S., & Skinner, D. G. (2017) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.013 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
‘Growing up’ and ‘moving up’: Metaphors that legitimise upward social mobility in Soweto
Krige, D. (2014) · Development Southern Africa · doi:10.1080/0376835x.2014.975337 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Baard, F., & Schreiner, B. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-056 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Boesak, A. A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-067 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Morton, D. (2018) · The Journal of African History · doi:10.1017/s002185371800035x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Moore, E. (2019) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801219840440 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Themba, C. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-051 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
White Racism and Black Consciousness
Biko, S. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-064 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Mbeki, G. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-059 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Female Labour Force Participation in South Africa
Dunn, S., & Maharaj, P. (2024) · Journal of Asian and African Studies · doi:10.1177/00219096231224696 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Migration, Marginalisation and Oppression in Mangaung, South Africa
Mphambukeli, T. N., & Nel, V. (2017) · Advances in African economic, social and political development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59235-0_9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moore, E. (2020) · Revue internationale des études du développement · doi:10.3917/ried.242.0037 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Desmond, C. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-060 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mda, Z. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-027 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“The Inimba It Cuts”: A Reconsideration of Mother Love in the Context of Poverty
Rubin, S. (2018) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12210 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Women, Informal Settlements, and the Policy Practice Disjuncture in South Africa
Mntambo, S., Adebayo, P. W., & Ndinda, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_306-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Politics of Trauma: Gender, Futurity, and Violence Prevention in South Africa
Pentecost, M. (2021) · Medical Anthropology Quarterly · doi:10.1111/maq.12678 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Buthelezi, M. G. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-072 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Willoughby-Herard, T. (2014) · Cultural Dynamics · doi:10.1177/0921374013510802 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Becoming a Father in South Africa: Customary Practices and Negotiating Fatherhood
Moore, E., & Samukimba, J. C. (2022) · Science across cultures · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15359-4_28 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hofmeyr, I. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-034 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dora Tamana: travel, home and the transnational politics of African motherhood
Grant, N. (2022) · Safundi · doi:10.1080/17533171.2023.2177455 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Robins, S. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-093 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mbeki, T. M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-091 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nxumalo, H. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sobukwe, R. M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Preparing Ourselves for Freedom
Sachs, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-078 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pinard, É. (2017) · Recherches féministes · doi:10.7202/1038720ar · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Skin Bleaching in South Africa: A Result of Colonialism and Apartheid?
Nahomie, J. (2014) · DISCOVERY Georgia State Honors College Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.31922/disc2.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
People, C. O. T. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-057 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
‘It's not right!’: Death as Gendered Experience in Contemporary South Africa
deGelder, M. (2012) · African Studies · doi:10.1080/00020184.2012.702968 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mamdani, M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-088 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tutu, D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-069 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Reverse interviewing: a white adoptive mother engaging with black birth mothers and vice versa
Högbacka, R. (2017) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2016.1276711 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Geffen, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-100 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Reforms” and Revolution in South Africa
Slovo, J. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-076 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Of Space and Alienation: South African stories of unfree life under racial capitalism
Barbosa, L. C. P. (2022) · Third World Thematics A TWQ Journal · doi:10.1080/23802014.2022.2099570 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mandela, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-062 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mandela, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-082 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Torres, N. F., Watson, D., Mohlomi, L., Hlungwani, T., Gardiner, C. V., Muller-Kluits, N., Norris, S. A., Draper, C. E., & Pentecost, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Global Women's Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2026.1880613
CRAIS, C. C., & Scully, P. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-096
Treurnicht, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-071
Schreiner, O. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-044
Wells, J. C. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-008
Merrett, C. D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-102
Gandhi, M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-046
de Klerk, F. W., & Mandela, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-081
The Subjugation of the Eastern Cape Khoekhoe
Barrow, J. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-013
Hayes, P. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-049
Ashforth, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-098
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika (God Bless Africa)
Sontonga, E., & Mqhayi, S. E. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-023
The Manifesto of Paramount Chief K. D. Matanzima, 1963
Matanzima, K. D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-058
van der Kemp, J. T. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-020
Statement of the Prophetess Nonkosi, 23rd October 1857
Nonkosi (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-026
Township Life, Marabastad, Pretoria
Mphahlele, E. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-048
Sanctions and the Armed Struggle
Tambo, O. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-068
Owen, F. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-024
Malema, J. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-099
Mokgatle, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-047
Blackburn, D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-033
Plaatje, S. T. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-040
Reitz, D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-036
Galant (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-010
Reporting from Soweto, 17 June 1976
Serache, N., & Thema, D. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-065
The Myth of Timeless Africa in the Game Parks
Brooks, S. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-090
Visit to a Mission Community in Natal
Colenso, J. W. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-022
Africans in the South African War
Molema, S. M. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-038
The Treatment of Indentured Laborers
van der Riet, R. J. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-014
The Story of the Diamond Fields
Trollope, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-029
Botha, P. W. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-070
Krog, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-086
The History of the Afrikaans People
Bezuidenhout, C. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-017
Students and the Soweto Uprising
Seatlholo, K. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-066
Mass Struggle, Negotiations, and the 1994 Elections
Callinicos, A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-085
Workers of the World, Unite and Fight for a White South Africa
Urquhart, W. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-045
Mandela, N. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-079
Moffat, R. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-021
van Ryneveld, W. S. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-009
The Coming of the Anglo-Zulu War
kaMpande, C. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-031
Malan, R. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-077
Mbenwana, N. K. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-004
Adoption and Family in the Global North and South
Högbacka, R. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-52476-8_2
“A Story Is Like the Wind” and “The Sun Is Thrown into the Sky”
Kabbo (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-003
Campaign, T. A. (2013) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9780822377450-092
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.008
‘Larney’ and ‘rough and tough’ schools
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.003
Schooling and the labour market
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.006
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.009
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.002
Hunter, M. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108635189.010
- Authors
- Lee, R.
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Rebekah
- ORCID
- Lee, Rebekah
- Venue
- I.B.Tauris eBooks
- Publisher
- I.B.Tauris
- Published
- 2009
- OpenAlex
- W4232580999
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- I.B.Tauris eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › South African History and Culture
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › African history and culture studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › African Studies and Ethnography
- Keywords
- African women, apartheid, post-apartheid South Africa, Cape Town, urban settlement, sense of belonging, domestic economy, housing renovation, energy consumption, gender, generational identity, urbanization, women's testimony
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review