Osteoblasts in Bone Physiology – Mini Review
Open accessAbstract
Bone structural integrity and shape are maintained by removal of old matrix by osteoclasts and in-situ synthesis of new bone by osteoblasts. These cells comprise the basic multicellular unit (BMU). Bone mass maintenance is determined by the net anabolic activity of the BMU, when the matrix elaboration of the osteoblasts equals or exceeds the bone resorption by the osteoclasts. The normal function of the BMU causes a continuous remodeling process of the bone, with deposition of bony matrix (osteoid) along the vectors of the generated force by gravity and attached muscle activity. The osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Circulating hormones and locally produced cytokines and growth factors modulate the replication and differentiation of osteoclast and osteoblast progenitors. The appropriate number of the osteoblasts in the BMU is determined by the differentiation of the precursor bone-marrow stem cells into mature osteoblasts, their proliferation with subsequent maturation into metabolically active osteocytes, and osteoblast degradation by apoptosis. Thus, the two crucial points to target when planning to control the osteoblast population are the processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are regulated by cellular hedgehog and Wnt pathways that involve humoral and mechanical stimulations. Osteoblasts regulate both bone matrix synthesis and mineralization directly by their own synthetic activities, and bone resorption indirectly by its paracrinic effects on osteoclasts. The overall synthetic and regulatory activities of osteoblasts govern bone tissue integrity and shape.
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Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete matrix components such as collagen type I, OCN, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, OPN, proteoglycans, and ALP.
“Osteoblasts have traditionally been considered the cell responsible for the production of the organic components of the bone matrix and its consequent mineralization because they synthetize and secrete matrix components such as collagen type I, OCN, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, OPN, proteoglycans, and ALP.267”
From Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence (2022) · cites this paper as [267]
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Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence
Bolamperti, S., Villa, I., & Rubinacci, A. (2022) · Bone Research · doi:10.1038/s41413-022-00219-8 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Rosenberg, N., Rosenberg, O., & Soudry, M.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Rosenberg, Nahum
- ORCID
- Rosenberg, Nahum
- Venue
- Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
- Publisher
- Rambam Health Corporation
- Published
- 2012-04-29
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e0013-e0013
- ISSN
- 2076-9172 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3678809
- OpenAlex
- W2144190597
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
- Keywords
- osteoblasts, bone remodeling, basic multicellular unit, osteoclasts, bone resorption, bone matrix synthesis, osteoid, mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation, osteocytes, apoptosis, Hedgehog signaling, Wnt signaling, mechanical stimulation, paracrine regulation, bone mineralization, bone physiology
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