Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to vascular malformations in a girl with Turner syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic defect accompanied by gonadal dysgenesis, short stature, characteristic dysmorphic features, congenital heart and kidneys defects, and other diseases. One of the less common are vascular malformations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They are asymptomatic in some patients, but can also cause GI bleeding. We present a description of a 12-year-old patient with TS and vascular malformations in the GI tract who was admitted to the hospital because of recurrent microcytic anemia. At the age of 15, she started estrogen therapy due to hypogonadism. Since then, the bleeding has stopped and the number of malformations on follow-up colonoscopy has been significantly decreased. In TS patients with iron deficiency anemia, the differential diagnostics should include vascular defects in the GI. There are evidences, that estrogen therapy may limit the number of lesions and reduce the risk of bleeding.
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In one case-report, bleeding from a vascular malformation in the gastrointestinal tract and resultant microcytic anemia improved with initiation of EST.
“Telangiectasias and dilated veins of the small bowel are reported as additional causes of GI bleeding among patients with TS,733 and in one case-report, bleeding from a vascular malformation in the gastrointestinal tract and resultant microcytic anemia improved with initiation of EST.734”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [734]
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Cites
Turner syndrome: mechanisms and management
Gravholt, C. H., Viuff, M. H., Brun, S., Stochholm, K., & Andersen, N. H. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0224-4 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract
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Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Turner's Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
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Diagnosis of Small Bowel Telangiectasia in Turner's Syndrome Using Capsule Endoscopy
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Unusual Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Turner Syndrome
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Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.
Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Christin-Maitre, S., Davis, S. M., Duijnhouwer, A., Gawlik, A., Maciel-Guerra, A. T., Gutmark-Little, I., Fleischer, K., Hong, D., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae050 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
- Authors
- Witkowska-Krawczak, E., Zapolska, A., Banaszkiewicz, A., & Kucharska, A.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Witkowska-Krawczak, Ewa
- Venue
- Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 222-226
- ISSN
- 1234-625X (ISSN-L)
- 2081-237X
- PMC
- PMC10228191
- OpenAlex
- W3186741009
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, gastrointestinal vascular malformations, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, microcytic anemia, estrogen therapy, hypogonadism, colonoscopy findings, differential diagnosis
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