Masculine Responses to Loss: Clinical Implications
Abstract
Gender differences in grieving are receiving growing attention. The prevalent view is that men often need help with their grieving. The bereaved male is frequently seen as impaired by an apparent inability both to express feelings and to seek social support. The authors present a pattern of grieving — masculine grief — contending that it is different, but not deficient. The use of the term “masculine” emphasises that the pattern is gender-related, not gender-specific. The authors identify the elements of masculine grief and furnish appropriate counselling interventions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Stigma surrounding male help-seeking frequently serves as a barrier to accessing appropriate health-related supports.
“More generally, similar recommendations have been made in the men’s physical and mental health literature, where stigma surrounding male help-seeking frequently serves as a barrier to accessing appropriate health-related supports [34–36].”
From Men’s grief following pregnancy loss and neonatal loss: a systematic review and emerging theoretical model (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Cites
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245 · see citing works
Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure
Hochschild, A. R. (1979) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/227049 · Cited by 5,962 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavior Modification
Meichenbaum, D. H. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9739-8 · Cited by 4,009 · see citing works
SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GRIEF
Lindemann, E. (1944) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.101.2.141 · Cited by 3,214 · see citing works
Treatment of complicated mourning
Rando, T. A. (1993) · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Radloff, L. S. (1975) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/bf00287373 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Widowhood and Depression: Explaining Long-Term Gender Differences in Vulnerability
Umberson, D., Wortman, C. B., & Kessler, R. C. (1992) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136854 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Bereavement: Reactions, Consequences, and Care.
Owen, G., Osterweis, M., Solomon, F., & Green, M. (1985) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2071413 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Grief, dying, and death : clinical interventions for caregivers
Rando, T. A., & Worden, J. W. (1984) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 406 · see citing works
State-Trait Anger Theory and the utility of the Trait Anger Scale.
Deffenbacher, J. L., OETTING, E. R., Thwaites, G. A., Lynch, R. S., Baker, D. A., Stark, R. S., Thacker, S., & Eiswerth-Cox, L. (1996) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.43.2.131 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Bonanno, G. A., Keltner, D. J., Holen, A., & Horowitz, M. J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.5.975 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
The First Year of Bereavement.
Streib, G. F., Glick, I. O., Weiss, R. S., & Parkes, C. M. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063295 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Grief: Its nature and significance.
Averill, J. R. (1968) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0026824 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Death and Dying, Life and Living
Corr, C. A., Nabe, C. M., & Corr, D. M. (1993) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Who suffers more? Sex differences in health risks of the widowed.
Stroebe, M., & Stroebe, W. (1983) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.93.2.279 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Deutsch, H., & Jackson, E. B. (1937) · The Psychoanalytic Quarterly · doi:10.1080/21674086.1937.11925307 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The Depression of Widowhood after Thirteen Months
Bornstein, P. E., Clayton, P. J., Halikas, J. A., Maurice, W. L., & Robins, E. (1973) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.122.5.561 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Coping with Bereavement: A Review of the Grief Work Hypothesis
Stroebe, M. (1993) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/tb6u-4qqc-hr3m-v9ft · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Risk Factors in Bereavement Outcome
Sanders, C. (1988) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1988.tb02079.x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Bereavement: Studies of grief in adult life, 2nd ed.
Parkes, C. M. (1987) · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Scogin, F. R., Jamison, C. S., & Gochneaur, K. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.3.403 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
On Human Beings and their Emotions: A Process-Sociological Essay
Elias, N. (1987) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/026327687004002008 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Gender differences in masking negative emotions: Ability or motivation?
Davis, T. L. (1995) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.660 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The Inexpressive Male: A Tragedy of American Society
Balswick, J. O., & Peek, C. W. (1971) · The Family Coordinator · doi:10.2307/582167 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Who Participates in Bereavement Research? A Review and Empirical Study
Stroebe, M., & Stroebe, W. (1990) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/c3je-c9l1-5r91-dwdu · Cited by 138 · see citing works
The meaning of loss and adjustment to bereavement
Wortman, C. B., Silver, R. C., & Kessler, R. C. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664076.024 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Gender Differences Through Two Years of Bereavement Among the Elderly
Lund, D. A., Caserta, M. S., & Dimond, M. F. (1986) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/26.3.314 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner, 2nd ed.
Worden, J. (1991) · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Psychological consequences of AIDS-related bereavement among gay men.
Martin, J. L. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.856 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Anger and Gender: Theory, Research, and Implications
Sharkin, B. S. (1993) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02653.x · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Martin, J. L., & Dean, L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.1.94 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Bereavement and Adaptation: A Comparative Study of the Aftermath of Death
Cleiren, M. P. H. D. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Martin, J. L., & Dean, L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.1.94 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The sequelae and nonsequelae of conjugal bereavement
Clayton, P. J. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.12.1530 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Parental grief reactions and marital intimacy following infant death
Lang, A., & Gottlieb, L. N. (1993) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481189308252620 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Risk factors in bereavement outcome
Sanders, C. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664076.018 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The impossibility of achieving consistently good mental health.
Ellis, A. (1987) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.42.4.364 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
The effects of gestational age and gender on grief after pregnancy loss.
Goldbach, K. R. C., Dunn, D. S., Toedter, L. J., & Lasker, J. N. (1991) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0079261 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Bereavement reactions, consequences, and care
Osterweis, M., Solomon, F., Green, M., & Institute of Medicine (U.S.) (1984) · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Paternal and maternal coping with the death of a child
Schwab, R. (1990) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481189008252381 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Cook, J. (1988) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/089124188017003003 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Silverman, P. R. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Futterman, A. M., Gallagher-Thompson, D. E., Thompson, L. W., Lovett, S. B., & al, E. (1990) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.5.2.277 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Grief-Resolution Therapy: Reliving, Revising, and Revisiting
Melges, F. T., & DeMaso, D. R. (1980) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1980.34.1.51 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Does Mutual Help Facilitate Newly Bereaved Widowers?
Tudiver, F. G., Hilditch, J. R., Permaul, J., & McKendree, D. J. (1992) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/016327879201500202 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Measurement issues in bereavement
Hansson, R. O., Carpenter, B. N., & Fairchild, S. K. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664076.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Contemporary themes and controversies in bereavement research
Stroebe, M., Hansson, R. O., & Stroebe, W. (1993) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511664076.030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The measurement of grief: Age and sex variation
Jacobs, S., Kasl, S. V., Ostfeld, A. M., Berkman, L. F., & Charpentier, P. A. (1986) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1986.tb02698.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Adolescent Reactions to Sibling Death
Hogan, N. S., & Balk, D. E. (1990) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-199003000-00012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
On Human beings and their Emotions: A Process-Sociological Essay
Elias, N. (1991) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446280546.n3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Religiosity Related to Grief Levels of Bereaved Mothers and Fathers
Bohannon, J. R. (1991) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/utuw-cp8f-dbn3-2edm · Cited by 41 · see citing works
HUYCK, M. H. (1990) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-101280-9.50013-9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Staudacher, C. (1991) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Similarities and Differences in Spouses Coping with SIDS
Carroll, R. M., & Shaefer, S. J. M. (1994) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/6d89-bqju-mfxg-jywu · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Aging Widows and Widowers: Are There Mental Health Differences?
Feinson, M. C. (1986) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/1n2u-9hhe-470h-yqpt · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Coping with Loss: Differences between Widows and Widowers of Deceased Cancer Patients
Gilbar, O., & Dagan, A. (1995) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/wk8u-l30c-dkqr-0w6v · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Current Models of Death, Dying, and Bereavement
Corr, C. A., & Doka, K. J. (1994) · Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0899-5885(18)30475-1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationStress, Loss, and Grief: Understanding Their Origins and Growth Potential
Schneider, J. (1984) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral factors in adjustment to adult bereavement
Powers, L. E., & Wampold, B. E. (1994) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481189408252640 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Question of who Participates in Bereavement Research and the Bereavement Risk Index
Levy, L. H., Derby, J. F., & Martinkowski, K. S. (1992) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/hvgd-2nxv-e15r-x9ft · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Men and grief: A review of research
Lister, L. (1991) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377319109517365 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Psychotherapy and the Grieving Patient
Stern, E. M. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Coping with Separation and Loss as a Young Adult
LaGrand, L. E. (1987) · Family Relations · doi:10.2307/584663 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Grief Counseling and Sudden Death: A Manual and Guide
Doyle, P. (1980) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Doka, K. J. (1990) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/j5q3-yye9-2jnc-qf82 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationHughes, C. G., & Fleming, D. (1991) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/mme5-h8fg-1u7d-8jny · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 69 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Obst, K. L., Due, C., Oxlad, M., & Middleton, P. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2677-9 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Oliffe, J. L. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Qualitative Exploration of the Nature of Grief-Related Beliefs and Expectations
Costa, B. M., Hall, L. C., & Stewart, J. (2007) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/cl20-02g6-607r-8561 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Osborne, J., & Coyle, A. (2002) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070210151779 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gender Specific Coping Patterns in Widowed Parents with Dependent Children
Boerner, K., & Silverman, P. R. (2001) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/gd5j-47u3-vr9p-q63w · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Death-Related Grief and Disenfranchised Identity: A Communication Approach
Barney, K. A., & Yoshimura, S. M. (2020) · Review of Communication Research · doi:10.12840/issn.2255-4165.024 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Aggression, Hypermasculine Emotions and Relations: The Silence/Violence Pattern
Scheff, T. J. (2006) · Irish Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/079160350601500103 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Love, listen and learn: grandmothers' experiences of grief following their child's pregnancy loss
Lockton, J., Due, C., & Oxlad, M. (2020) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2019.07.007 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Why nurses need to understand the principles of bereavement theory
Greenstreet, W. (2004) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2004.13.10.13046 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Life Came to a Full Stop: The Experiences of Widowed Fathers
Holmgren, H. (2019) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222819880713 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lockton, J., Oxlad, M., & Due, C. (2021) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/10497323211041331 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Men on the move: the politics of the men's movement
Karoski, S. (2007) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Widowerhood”: Masculinities and Spousal Loss in the Late-1960s
Bandini, J. I., & Thompson, E. H. (2014) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.68.2.c · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Grief Reactions: A Sociocultural Approach
Rodgers, R. F., & DuBois, R. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65241-2_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Rich, M. D. (2002) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/089124102236542 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Trying to Find North”: Fathers Voice the Nature of Their Bereavement
Denhup, C. (2024) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228241238383 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Traumatic Memory of One’s Son Gone Missing in War: Content Analysis Using Krippendorff’s Alpha
Kozina, S., Kowalski, M., Vlastelica, M., Mastelić, T., & Borovac, J. A. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019839627 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
PERFORMING MASCULINITY AND LEADERSHIP: MALE ACADEMICS' WORK PRACTICES AND IDENTITIES
Keamy, R. (2003) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Grief and Loss: Perspectives for School Personnel
O'Connor, C., & Templeton, E. (2002) · Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools · doi:10.1017/s1037291100004581 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Assessment and Support of New Fathers
Fletcher, R. J. (2008) · NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Retrospective, Empirical Study of Grief-Related Beliefs in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Sexton, C. A. (2013) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377317.2013.802641 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Losing a family member: grieving process
Şekerci, F., & Bulut, S. (2022) · Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.15406/jpcpy.2022.13.00709 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Oliffe, J. L. (2011) · PubMed Central
Wiens, S. E. (2013) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0166810
Exploring the social and cultural patterns of male grief and their associated health effects
Tallant, J. (2020) · Cancer Nursing Practice · doi:10.7748/cnp.2020.e1727
Writing Vulnerability: Instructing, Conversing, Silencing
Kistnareddy, A. O. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82576-8_4
Zada, O. C. (2026) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228261426081
- Authors
- Doka, K. J., & Martin, T.
- Affiliations
- College of New Rochelle (US)
- Hood College (US)
- ORCID
- Doka, Kenneth J.
- Venue
- Journal of Family Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-158
- ISSN
- 1322-9400 (ISSN-L)
- 1839-3543
- OpenAlex
- W2078252624
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Family Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- grief, bereavement, men, grief expression, social support, counseling intervention, grief counseling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review