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Calcifying invertebrates succeed in a naturally CO 2 enriched coastal habitat but are threatened by high levels of future acidification
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. CO2 emissions are leading to an acidification of the oceans. Predicting marine community vulnerability towards acidification is difficult, as adaptation processes cannot be accounted for in most experimental studies. Naturally CO2 enriched sites thus can serve as valuable proxies for future changes in community structure. Here we describe a natural analogue site in the Western Baltic Sea. Seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord is elevated for large parts of the year due to upwelling of CO2 rich waters. Peak pCO2 values of >230 Pa (>2300 μatm) and pH values of <7.5 are encountered during summer and autumn, average pCO2 values are ~70 Pa (~700 μatm). In contrast to previously described naturally CO2 enriched sites that have suggested a progressive displacement of calcifying auto- and heterotrophic species, the macrobenthic community in Kiel Fjord is dominated by calcifying invertebrates. We show that blue mussels from Kiel Fjord can maintain control rates of somatic and shell growth at a pCO2 of 142 Pa (1400 μatm, pH=7.7). Juvenile mussel recruitment peaks during the summer months, when high water pCO2 values of ~100 Pa (~1000 μatm) prevail. Our findings indicate that calcifying keystone species may be able to cope with surface ocean pH values projected for the end of this century. However, owing to non-linear synergistic effects of future acidification and upwelling of corrosive water, peak seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord and many other productive estuarine habitats could increase to values >400 Pa (>4000 μatm). These changes will most likely affect calcification and recruitment, and increase external shell dissolution.
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“Naturally acidified areas are useful as they encompass the life histories of interacting organisms and include the feedbacks and indirect effects that occur within natural marine systems but which are difficult to replicate in mesocosm and laboratory conditions (Thomsen et al., 2010).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Thomsen et al., 2010
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Thomsen, J., Gutowska, M. A., Saphörster, J., Heinemann, A., Trübenbach, K., Fietzke, J., Hiebenthal, C., Eisenhauer, A., Körtzinger, A., Wahl, M., & Melzner, F.
- Affiliations
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (DE)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biogeosciences
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2010-07-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3879-3891
- ISSN
- 1726-4170 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088232741
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 24.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biogeosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (211384)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, Mytilus edulis, macrobenthic communities, shell calcification, upwelling, Kiel Fjord, shell dissolution, estuarine habitat, seawater pCO2
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