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Precessional pacing of tropical ocean carbon export during the Late Cretaceous

Kim, Ji-Eun, Westerhold, Thomas, Alegret, Laia, Drury, Anna Joy, Röhl, Ursula, Griffith, Elizabeth M.·2022·Climate of the Past
DOI 10.5194/cp-18-2631-2022

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Abstract

The marine biological carbon pump, which exports organic carbon out of the surface ocean, plays an essential role in sequestering carbon from the atmosphere, thus impacting climate and affecting marine ecosystems. Orbital variations in solar insolation modulate these processes, but their influence on the tropical Pacific during the Late Cretaceous is unknown. Here we present a high-resolution composite record of elemental barium from deep-sea sediments as a proxy for organic carbon export out of the surface oceans (i.e., export production) from Shatsky Rise in the tropical Pacific. Variations in export production in the Pacific during the Maastrichtian, from 71.5 to 66 million years ago, were dominated by precession and less so by eccentricity modulation or obliquity, confirming that tropical surface-ocean carbon dynamics were influenced by seasonal insolation in the tropics during this greenhouse period. We suggest that precession paced primary production in the tropical Pacific and recycling in the euphotic zone by changing water column stratification, upwelling intensity, and continental nutrient fluxes. Benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates covaried with export production, providing evidence for bentho-pelagic coupling of the marine biological carbon pump across these high-frequency changes in a cool greenhouse planet.

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Figure 1 Location of ODP Leg 198 Sites 1209 and 1210 at Shatsky Rise at 69 Ma (star) in the tropical Pacific (Scotese and Wright, 2018). Deccan and Ninetyeast Ridge are shown as red triangles. Location of Zumaia (Batenburg et al., 2012, 2014) and Blake Nose (MacLeod et al., 2001) records are shown as black circles. Shading indicates land above 0 m (brown); land above 6 km (white); and ocean settings with water depths greater than 4 km (dark blue), between 4 km and 120 m (blue), and above 120 m (green).
Figure 1 Location of ODP Leg 198 Sites 1209 and 1210 at Shatsky Rise at 69 Ma (star) in the tropical Pacific (Scotese and Wright, 2018). Deccan and Ninetyeast Ridge are shown as red triangles. Location of Zumaia (Batenburg et al., 2012, 2014) and Blake Nose (MacLeod et al., 2001) records are shown as black circles. Shading indicates land above 0 m (brown); land above 6 km (white); and ocean settings with water depths greater than 4 km (dark blue), between 4 km and 120 m (blue), and above 120 m (green).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 (a) Bulk carbonate 13 C by depth (m) shown with 250-point LOESS smoothing and wavelet analysis (Torrence and Compo, 1998; Grinsted et al., 2004) and the multi-taper method (MTM) shown for spectral analysis. (b) 13 C by age (Ma) shown with 250-point LOESS smoothing and wavelet analysis and MTM shown for spectral analysis. CL indicates confidence level. Note age is increasing from the left to right.
Figure 2 (a) Bulk carbonate 13 C by depth (m) shown with 250-point LOESS smoothing and wavelet analysis (Torrence and Compo, 1998; Grinsted et al., 2004) and the multi-taper method (MTM) shown for spectral analysis. (b) 13 C by age (Ma) shown with 250-point LOESS smoothing and wavelet analysis and MTM shown for spectral analysis. CL indicates confidence level. Note age is increasing from the left to right.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 (a) Basic 405 kyr age model was first made by assigning Shatsky Rise Sites 1209 and 1210 composite bulk 13 C to known tie points (red numbers). Then, a 5 m filter (bandpass 0 : 2 0 : 06) of bulk 13 C composite was modeled to know the cosine function (cyan line). This cosine function was correlated to the La2004 cosine function (Laskar et al., 2004; blue line) minima for tuning the depth to the stable 405 kyr cycle for an age. New age is tie points in Table S4. (b) Sedimentation rate in meters per million years (mMyr 1 ) of composite depth (rmcd).
Figure 3 (a) Basic 405 kyr age model was first made by assigning Shatsky Rise Sites 1209 and 1210 composite bulk 13 C to known tie points (red numbers). Then, a 5 m filter (bandpass 0 : 2 0 : 06) of bulk 13 C composite was modeled to know the cosine function (cyan line). This cosine function was correlated to the La2004 cosine function (Laskar et al., 2004; blue line) minima for tuning the depth to the stable 405 kyr cycle for an age. New age is tie points in Table S4. (b) Sedimentation rate in meters per million years (mMyr 1 ) of composite depth (rmcd).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Pelagic marine barite weight percent (wt %), (a, b) excess Ba (ppm), and (c) XRF Ba (total counts) compared to each other. All correlations between barite-related proxies are significant ( p < 0 : 001).
Figure 4 Pelagic marine barite weight percent (wt %), (a, b) excess Ba (ppm), and (c) XRF Ba (total counts) compared to each other. All correlations between barite-related proxies are significant ( p < 0 : 001).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 Bulk carbonate 13 C, 18 O, scanning XRF Ba, and wavelet analysis (Torrence and Compo, 1998; Grinsted et al., 2004) on nonstationary periodicities for XRF Ba (500 LOESS composite of Sites 1209 and 1210) show signals of precession in scanning XRF Ba which strengthen after Deccan volcanism begins. Brighter colors correspond to higher power within a corresponding frequency period (in thousands of years, kyr). Ninetyeast hotspot volcanism and approximate duration of Deccan volcanism shown, adapted from Keller et al. (2016). EMCP: early Maastrichtian cooling pulse (Haynes et al., 2020); MME : mid-Maastrichtian event beginning at Chron C31n and lasting 500 kyr (Voigt et al., 2012); LMWE: latest Maastrichtian warming event (Li and Keller, 1998).
Figure 5 Bulk carbonate 13 C, 18 O, scanning XRF Ba, and wavelet analysis (Torrence and Compo, 1998; Grinsted et al., 2004) on nonstationary periodicities for XRF Ba (500 LOESS composite of Sites 1209 and 1210) show signals of precession in scanning XRF Ba which strengthen after Deccan volcanism begins. Brighter colors correspond to higher power within a corresponding frequency period (in thousands of years, kyr). Ninetyeast hotspot volcanism and approximate duration of Deccan volcanism shown, adapted from Keller et al. (2016). EMCP: early Maastrichtian cooling pulse (Haynes et al., 2020); MME : mid-Maastrichtian event beginning at Chron C31n and lasting 500 kyr (Voigt et al., 2012); LMWE: latest Maastrichtian warming event (Li and Keller, 1998).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 6 Two discrete sample intervals covering potential cycles of precession ( 21 kyr) with surface-water-related proxies (bulk 13 C, 18 O), organic carbon export proxies (scanning XRF Ba: crosses; excess-BaAR: open diamonds; and BAR: solid diamonds), and proxy for organic carbon arrival at the seafloor (BFAR: green diamonds). A positive correspondence is seen between carbon export from the surface of the oceans (XRF Ba, excess-BaAR, BAR) and organic carbon arrival at the seafloor (BFAR).
Figure 6 Two discrete sample intervals covering potential cycles of precession ( 21 kyr) with surface-water-related proxies (bulk 13 C, 18 O), organic carbon export proxies (scanning XRF Ba: crosses; excess-BaAR: open diamonds; and BAR: solid diamonds), and proxy for organic carbon arrival at the seafloor (BFAR: green diamonds). A positive correspondence is seen between carbon export from the surface of the oceans (XRF Ba, excess-BaAR, BAR) and organic carbon arrival at the seafloor (BFAR).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 7 Cycles of enhanced and reduced carbon (C) export and sequestration result from precessional paced variations in primary productivity and recycling in surface waters (i.e., changes in the efficiency of the biological pump). A shallower thermocline (steeper boundary between light- and dark-blue waters) would result in increased primary production and reduced recycling in the surface waters due to changes in water column stratification, continental nutrient fluxes, and upwelling intensity which increases nutrients (solid blue arrow) and enhances C export out of the surface waters (wide green arrow). A deeper thermocline (near horizontal boundary between light- and dark-blue waters) would result in reduced primary production and enhanced recycling in the surface waters due to reduced nutrient availability (dashed blue arrow) and reduces C export out of the surface waters (thin green arrow). This ENSOlike variability could have controlled carbon export in the Maastrichtian.
Figure 7 Cycles of enhanced and reduced carbon (C) export and sequestration result from precessional paced variations in primary productivity and recycling in surface waters (i.e., changes in the efficiency of the biological pump). A shallower thermocline (steeper boundary between light- and dark-blue waters) would result in increased primary production and reduced recycling in the surface waters due to changes in water column stratification, continental nutrient fluxes, and upwelling intensity which increases nutrients (solid blue arrow) and enhances C export out of the surface waters (wide green arrow). A deeper thermocline (near horizontal boundary between light- and dark-blue waters) would result in reduced primary production and enhanced recycling in the surface waters due to reduced nutrient availability (dashed blue arrow) and reduces C export out of the surface waters (thin green arrow). This ENSOlike variability could have controlled carbon export in the Maastrichtian.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Kim, J.-E., Westerhold, T., Alegret, L., Drury, A. J., Röhl, U., & Griffith, E. M.
ORCID
Venue
Climate of the Past
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2022-12-16
Volume
18
Issue
12
Pages
2631-2641
ISSN
1814-9332
DOI
10.5194/cp-18-2631-2022
Cited by
4
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (320221997, 390741603)
  • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PID2019-105537RB-I00)
  • National Science Foundation (OCE-1536630)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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