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Precipitation changes in the South American Altiplano since 1300 AD reconstructed by tree-rings

Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Villalba, R., Argollo, J., Pacajes, J., Silva, J. S., Alvarez, C. A., Llancabure, J. C., Soliz Gamboa, C. C.·2012·Climate of the Past
DOI 10.5194/cp-8-653-2012

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Abstract

Abstract. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the Central Andes has experienced significant climatic and environmental changes characterized by a persistent warming trend, an increase in elevation of the 0 °C isotherm, and sustained glacier shrinkage. These changes have occurred in conjunction with a steadily growing demand for water resources. Given the short span of instrumental hydroclimatic records in this region, longer time span records are needed to understand the nature of climate variability and to improve the predictability of precipitation, a key factor modulating the socio-economic development in the South American Altiplano and adjacent arid lowlands. In this study we present the first quasi-millennial, tree-ring based precipitation reconstruction for the South American Altiplano. This annual (November–October) precipitation reconstruction is based on the Polylepis tarapacana tree-ring width series and represents the closest dendroclimatological record to the Equator in South America. This high-resolution reconstruction covers the past 707 yr and provides a unique record characterizing the occurrence of extreme events and consistent oscillations in precipitation. It also allows an assessment of the spatial and temporal stabilities of the teleconnections between rainfall in the Altiplano and hemispheric forcings such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Since the 1930s to present, a persistent negative trend in precipitation has been recorded in the reconstruction, with the three driest years since 1300 AD occurring in the last 70 yr. Throughout the 707 yr, the reconstruction contains a clear ENSO-like pattern at interannual to multidecadal time scales, which determines inter-hemispheric linkages between our reconstruction and other precipitation sensitive records modulated by ENSO in North America. Our reconstruction points out that century-scale dry periods are a recurrent feature in the Altiplano climate, and that the future potential coupling of natural and anthropogenic-induced droughts may have a severe impact on socio-economic activities in the region. Water resource managers must anticipate these changes in order to adapt to future climate change, reduce vulnerability and provide water equitably to all users.

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  • Los anillos de crecimiento de Polylepis evidencian una fase húmeda asociada al desarrollo imperial incaico en el transcurso del siglo quince.

    “Los anillos de crecimiento de Polylepis, que constituyen el indicador de mayor resolución sobre la historia de las precipitaciones durante el último milenio, evidencian una fase húmeda asociada al desarrollo imperial incaico en el transcurso del siglo quince (Morales et al. 2012).”

    From Movimiento e imperialismo inca en los valles de arica (andes 18° S) (2021) · cites this paper as Morales et al. 2012

  • Paleoclimatic data, based on Mount Sajama's ice core and the Polylepis growth rings, indicates relatively stable conditions since late pre-Hispanic times, with a significantly wetter period in the 19th century A.D.

    “Paleoclimatic data, based on Mount Sajama's ice core and the Polylepis growth rings, indicates relatively stable conditions since late pre-Hispanic times, with a significantly wetter period in the 19th century A.D. (Thompson 1995;Liu, Reese, and Thompson 2005;Morales et al. 2012).”

    From The longue durée of andean movement networks: case study in the lauca altiplano (2025) · cites this paper as Morales et al. 2012

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Authors
Morales, M. S., Christie, D. A., Villalba, R., Argollo, J., Pacajes, J., Silva, J. S., Alvarez, C. A., Llancabure, J. C., & Soliz Gamboa, C. C.
Venue
Climate of the Past
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2012-03-30
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
653-666
ISSN
1814-9332
DOI
10.5194/cp-8-653-2012
Cited by
112
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (vor)

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