The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
COSMOS: the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. The newly-developed cosmic-ray method for measuring area-average soil moisture at the hectometer horizontal scale is being implemented in the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System (or the COSMOS). The stationary cosmic-ray soil moisture probe measures the neutrons that are generated by cosmic rays within air and soil and other materials, moderated by mainly hydrogen atoms located primarily in soil water, and emitted to the atmosphere where they mix instantaneously at a scale of hundreds of meters and whose density is inversely correlated with soil moisture. The COSMOS has already deployed more than 50 of the eventual 500 cosmic-ray probes, distributed mainly in the USA, each generating a time series of average soil moisture over its horizontal footprint, with similar networks coming into existence around the world. This paper is written to serve a community need to better understand this novel method and the COSMOS project. We describe the cosmic-ray soil moisture measurement method, the instrument and its calibration, the design, data processing and dissemination used in the COSMOS project, and give example time series of soil moisture obtained from COSMOS probes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Radiation Detection and Measurement
(2013) · Physics for Radiation Protection · doi:10.1002/9783527667062.ch12 · Cited by 6,776
Neutron scattering lengths and cross sections
Sears, V. F. (1992) · Neutron News · doi:10.1080/10448639208218770 · Cited by 3,736
Methods of Soil Analysis 2d ed., pt. 1; Physical and Mineralogical Methods
Klute, A. (1988) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-198808000-00014 · Cited by 3,145
(1999) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-6299 · Cited by 2,044
Soil Moisture Measurement for Ecological and Hydrological Watershed‐Scale Observatories: A Review
Robinson, D. A., Campbell, C. S., Hopmans, J. W., Hornbuckle, B. K., Jones, S. B., Knight, R., Ogden, F., Selker, J., & Wendroth, O. (2008) · Vadose Zone Journal · doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0143 · Cited by 1,154
Passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture
Njoku, E. G., & Entekhabi, D. (1996) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/0022-1694(95)02970-2 · Cited by 850
How Well Are We Measuring Snow: The NOAA/FAA/NCAR Winter Precipitation Test Bed
Rasmussen, R., Baker, B., Kochendorfer, J., Meyers, T., Landolt, S., Fischer, A. P., Black, J., Thériault, J. M., Kucera, P., Gochis, D., et al. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00052.1 · Cited by 697
Field observations of soil moisture variability across scales
Famiglietti, J. S., Ryu, D., Berg, A. A., Rodell, M., & Jackson, T. J. (2008) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2006wr005804 · Cited by 606
Zreda, M., Desilets, D., Ferré, T. P. A., & Scott, R. L. (2008) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2008gl035655 · Cited by 594
Self-citationScaling of Soil Moisture: A Hydrologic Perspective
Western, A. W., Grayson, R. B., & Blöschl, G. (2002) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.140434 · Cited by 552
Cited by
Evaluation of the ESA CCI soil moisture product using ground-based observations
Dorigo, W. A., Gruber, A., De Jeu, R. A. M., Wagner, W., Stacke, T., Loew, A., Albergel, C., Brocca, L., Chung, D., Parinussa, R. M., et al. (2015) · Remote Sensing of Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.023 · Cited by 630
On the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Soil Moisture at the Field Scale
Vereecken, H., Huisman, J. A., Pachepsky, Y., Montzka, C., van der Kruk, J., Bogena, H., Weihermüller, L., Herbst, M., Martinez, G., & Vanderborght, J. (2014) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.061 · Cited by 584
Triple Collocation-Based Merging of Satellite Soil Moisture Retrievals
Gruber, A., Dorigo, W. A., Crow, W., & Wagner, W. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/tgrs.2017.2734070 · Cited by 423
Beck, H. E., Pan, M., Miralles, D. G., Reichle, R. H., Dorigo, W. A., Hahn, S., Sheffield, J., Karthikeyan, L., Balsamo, G., Parinussa, R. M., et al. (2021) · Hydrology and Earth System Sciences · doi:10.5194/hess-25-17-2021 · Cited by 380
Rangeland Systems: Processes, Management and Challenges
(2017) · Springer Series on Environmental Management · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2 · Cited by 197
Metadata
- Authors
- Zreda, M., Shuttleworth, W. J., Zeng, X., Zweck, C., Desilets, D., Franz, T., & Rosolem, R.
- Venue
- Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2012-11-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4079-4099
- ISSN
- 1027-5606 (ISSN-L)
- 1607-7938
- OpenAlex
- W2132334553
- Cited by
- 622
- References
- 30
- FWCI
- 23.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: COSMOS: the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5194/hess-16-4079-2012
- The paper
- Zreda, M., Shuttleworth, W. J., Zeng, X., Zweck, C., Desilets, D., Franz, T., & Rosolem, R. (2012). COSMOS: the COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4079-2012
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
