Synthesis, Characterization and Sunscreen Protection Factor of Novel Synthesized Para Amino Benzoic Acid (PABA) Esters
Abstract
Human exposure to sunlight can activate various biological responses from erythema to skin cancer. Precise use of sunscreen is the most efficient way to prevent the development of these diseases. Ingredients of sunscreen can be organic and inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters. One of such organic ingredients is para amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is being used as sunscreen filter. The purpose of this study was to enhance the sun protection factor (SPF) value of PABA and minimize the harmful effects of PABA due to its deep penetration into skin. For this purpose, synthesis of two novel sunscreen filters PABA methyl stearate and PABA methyl ester were done by reacting PABA with olive oil at various conditions. The SPF value of each solution was determined by the standard spectrophotometric method. From SPF calculations, it was observed that both novel sunscreen filters showed high SPF number of 20.60 and 26.17 PABA methyl ester and PABA methyl stearate respectively while PABA showed the low SPF number of 17.60 at the same concentration. The PABA methyl stearate is less harmful to human skin because it has less penetration due to large size as compared to PABA.
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PABA methyl ester (71) and PABA methyl stearate (72) have SPF values of 20.60 and 26.17, respectively.
“Later, new PABA derivatives, PABA methyl ester (71) and PABA methyl stearate (72), were prepared and evaluated for their photoprotective potential, revealing SPF values of 20.60 and 26.17, respectively [133].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
The high molecular weight of compound 72 should avoid its penetration through the skin, making it a potential UV filter with a safer profile.
“It is noteworthy to mention that the high molecular weight of 72 should avoid its penetration through the skin, making this compound a potential UV filter with a safer profile.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [133]
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Cited by 2
- Authors
- Naseem Abbas, N. A., Zahid Mahmood, Z. M., Suryyia Manzoor, S. M., & Zeeshan Akhtar and Muhammad Tariq, Z. A. A. M. T.
- Venue
- Journal of the chemical society of pakistan
- Publisher
- Chemical Society of Pakistan
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 701-701
- ISSN
- 0253-5106 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4206682407
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the chemical society of pakistan (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Synthesis and Reactions
- Keywords
- p-aminobenzoic acid, sunscreen filters, sun protection factor, UV filters, olive oil, skin penetration, skin cancer prevention
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