Challenges of responding to online fraud victimisation in Australia
Open accessAbstract
Online fraud occurs when an individual or a business responds in some manner to an unsolicited invitation received via the internet and suffers financial or other detrimental effects as a result. In 2010–11, the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) found that over 1.2 million Australians (6.7% of the population aged 15 years and over) had been a victim of personal fraud, losing approximately $1.4b in the preceding 12 months. More than half of these victims (55.7%) were contacted via the internet or email (online victimisation). In addition to monetary losses, victims of online fraud suffer serious psychological, emotional, social and even physical problems as a consequence of their victimisation. This paper explores the challenges of responding to online fraud victimisation in Australia and describes some of the specific support services that have recently emerged to support victims of this crime.
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Further harms that victims of romance fraud are exposed to include sextortion, blackmail, and, crossing the digital-physical divide, kidnap.
“Further harms that victims of romance fraud are exposed to include sextortion, blackmail, and, crossing the digital-physical divide, kidnap (Cross, Smith, and Richards 2014).”
From The Language of Romance Crimes (2024) · cites this paper as Cross, Smith, and Richards 2014
The passage on re-victimisation (section labelled “TransUnion (United States)”; page unavailable) reports that online fraud victims travelling to meet potential romantic partners have been abducted. It does not report sextortion or blackmail as harms to romance-fraud victims; searches for those terms and related threats found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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No laughing matter: Blaming the victim of online fraud
Cross, C. (2015) · International Review of Victimology · doi:10.1177/0269758015571471 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding romance fraud: insights from domestic violence research
Cross, C., Dragiewicz, M., & Richards, K. (2018) · The British Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1093/bjc/azy005 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation“They’re Very Lonely”: Understanding the Fraud Victimisation of Seniors
Cross, C. (2016) · International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy · doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i4.268 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving the Police Response to Online Fraud
Cross, C., & Blackshaw, D. (2015) · Policing · doi:10.1093/police/pau044 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationOlder adults and “scams”: Evidence from the mass observation archive
Bailey, J., Taylor, L., Kingston, P., & Watts, G. (2021) · The Journal of Adult Protection · doi:10.1108/jap-07-2020-0030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Language of Romance Crimes
Carter, E. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009273008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cross, C., Smith, R., & Richards, K.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Australian Institute of Criminology (AU)
- Venue
- Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks
- Publisher
- Australian Institute of Criminology
- Published
- 2014-05-22
- OpenAlex
- W2948481002
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Keywords
- online fraud, victim support, victim reactions, financial losses, email fraud, Australia
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