Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Objectives: There is increasing evidence that psychological inflexibility can be defined as the transdiagnostic concept of psychopathology.The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students (AAQ-US) over a sample of university students. Methods: The study group consists of 189 students who study in different departments at a state university. A socio-demographic form, AAQ-US, Acceptance-Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), and Depression-Anxiety-Stress-21 Scale (DASS-21) were applied. Results: The single factor and 12 item structure of the scale was confirmed. Results show the goodness-of-fit values (χ2 = 72.802, df = 54, χ2 / df = 1.35; RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.93; NNFI = 0.993, NFI = 0.980; SRMR = 0.071). The Cronbachs alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.932. Testretest reliability coefficient was 0.75. The item-total correlations were between 0.584 and 0.785. AAQ-US shows a positively significant relationship with AAQ-II, DASS-21, TAI (and subscales), and a negatively significant relationship with FMI. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that AAQ-US can be used as a reliable and valid scale for measuring psychological inflexibility in university students. [PBS 2021; 11(1.000): 18-24]
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The Turkish and Spanish versions of the AAQ-US revealed a single-factor structure and good psychometric properties, similar to the original version.
“Besides the AAQ-US original version (Levin et al., 2019), a Turkish (Kuru et al., 2021) and a Spanish version (Barbosa-Güiza, 2020) are also available, revealing, similarly to the original version, a single factor structure, and good psychometric properties.”
From Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students (2023) · cites this paper as Kuru et al., 2021
The current study findings are not in line with the AAQ-US Turkish version that pointed to a single-factor structure.
“The current study findings are not in line with the AAQ-US Turkish version that pointed to a single-factor structure (Kuru et al., 2021).”
From Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students (2023) · cites this paper as Kuru et al., 2021
Although test-retest reliability has not been examined in the original or Spanish versions, the current results were in line with the Turkish version regarding the AAQ-US total score.
“Although the test-retest reliability has not been examined in the original version (Levin et al., 2019) or the Spanish (Barbosa-Güiza, 2020), the current results were in line with the ones found in the Turkish version (Kuru et al., 2021), regarding the AAQ-US total score.”
From Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students (2023) · cites this paper as Kuru et al., 2021
These findings suggest that university-context psychological inflexibility (AAQ-US) is related but is not redundant regarding the other considered variables.
“As the Turkish AAQ-US (Kuru et al., 2021) mentioned, these findings suggest that university-context psychological inflexibility (AAQ-US) is related but is not redundant regarding the other considered variables.”
From Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students (2023) · cites this paper as Kuru et al., 2021
The AAQ-US as a global measure and its cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance dimensions presented good internal consistencies, similar to the original, Spanish, and Turkish versions.
“Additionally, the AAQ-US as a global measure of psychological inflexibility, as well as the cognitive fusion and the experiential avoidance dimensions presented good internal consistencies, similar to that found for the original (Levin et al., 2019), the Spanish (Barbosa-Güiza, 2020) and the Turkish (Kuru et al., 2021) versions.”
From Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students (2023) · cites this paper as Kuru et al., 2021
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Galhardo, A., Neto, M., Monteiro, B., Massano-Cardoso, I., Ferreira, C., & Cunha, M. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04174-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Karaaziz, M., Razzaghi, P., Keskindag, B., & Güney, H. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04693-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kuru, T., Karadere, M., Burhan, H., & Safak, Y.
- Venue
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- ScopeMed
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18
- ISSN
- 2636-834X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3143806355
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- psychological inflexibility, Turkish adaptation, psychometric validation, university students, acceptance and commitment therapy, transdiagnostic psychopathology, mindfulness, test anxiety, depression, anxiety and stress
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