The role of teachers in fostering critical thinking skills at the university level
Open accessAbstract
This study delves into the pivotal role of educators in nurturing critical thinking skills within Lahore's higher education landscape. By examining pedagogical approaches, cultural influences, assessment practices, and faculty readiness, it offers insights that hold significance for educational practitioners and administrators. Employing a quantitative research design with a sample of 370 teachers selected through stratified random sampling, data collected through structured survey questionnaires is analyzed using statistical techniques, including regression analysis, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Faculty training emerges as a central finding, emphasizing the critical importance of equipping educators with effective pedagogical strategies to stimulate critical thinking. Cultural diversity, though beneficial, presents nuanced challenges in communication and understanding. Thus, universities must balance leveraging diverse perspectives with proactive mitigation of potential hurdles. This research provides actionable insights for educational institutions aiming to cultivate critical thinking among their students in an era where these skills are highly valued in academia and the workforce.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The interaction between the social environment, the educational context, and cultural diversity creates a complex framework in which critical thinking is not only encouraged but also conditioned by prevailing structures.
“The interaction between the social environment, the educational context, and cultural diversity creates a complex framework in which critical thinking is not only encouraged but also conditioned by prevailing structures”
From Determining Factors for the Development of Critical Thinking in Higher Education (2025) · cites this paper as Afzal et al. 2023
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 53,488 · see citing works
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
Creswell, J. W. (1994) · Cited by 35,227 · see citing works
Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values
Gladwin, T. N., & Hofstede, G. (1981) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257651 · Cited by 20,542 · see citing works
Determining sample size for research activities
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316447003000308 · Cited by 18,930 · see citing works
Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches
ภู่พันธ์, ศ. (2018) · วารสารวิธีวิทยาการวิจัย (Journal of Research Methodology: JRM) · Cited by 12,777 · see citing works
Pierce, W. D., & Bandura, A. (1977) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/3340496 · Cited by 9,733 · see citing works
BANDURA, A. (1977) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.15521699 · Cited by 7,615 · see citing works
Does Active Learning Work? A Review of the Research
Prince, M. (2004) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x · Cited by 7,334 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Furthermore, active learning practices that promote student engagement have consistently shown positive correlations with improved critical thinking (Prince, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialBlended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education
Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001 · Cited by 4,849 · see citing works
“Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct”
Ford, G. G. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781482274400-4 · Cited by 4,257 · see citing works
Critical Thinking: What It Is and Why It Counts
Facione, P. A. (2011) · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking
Halpern, D. F. (1989) · Cited by 1,601 · see citing works
Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654311403323 · Cited by 1,506 · see citing works
McKeachie's Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers
McKeachie, W. J., Svinivki, M., & Nicol, D. (2010) · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
How Colleges Work: The Cybernetics of Academic Organization and Leadership.
Reyes, P., & Birnbaum, R. (1990) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982138 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Ennis, R. H. (1993) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405849309543594 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
(1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Strategies for Teaching Students to Think Critically: A Meta-Analysis
Abrami, P. C., Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Waddington, D. I., Wade, C. A., & Persson, T. (2015) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654314551063 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Teaching for Critical Thinking: Tools and Techniques to Help Students Question Their Assumptions
Brookfield, S. (2011) · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Babbie, Earl, & Dokumen, D. (2016) · Cited by 362 · see citing works
How colleges work : the cybernetics of academic organization and leadership /
Birnbaum, R. (1991) · Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (Québec government) · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Critical Thinking: The Nature of Critical and Creative Thought
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2006) · Journal of developmental education · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Thinking collaboratively: Learning in a community of inquiry
Boujaoude, S. B. (2016) · International Review of Education · doi:10.1007/s11159-016-9538-9 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Thinking collaboratively learning in a community of inquiry
Garrison, D. R. 1. (2016) · Cited by 54 · see citing works
THE INFLUENCE OF TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Afzal, A., Rafiq, S., & Kanwal, A. (2023) · Gomal University Journal of Research · doi:10.51380/gujr-39-01-06 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMCDM Filter with Pareto Parallel Implementation in Shared Memory Environment
Lamrini, L., Abounaima, M. C., Mazouri, F. Z. E., et al. (2022) · Statistics Optimization & Information Computing · doi:10.19139/soic-2310-5070-1216 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
TEACHERS’ BEHAVIOR INFLUENCING THE CLASSROOM PARTICIPATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Kamran, F., Afzal, A., & Rafiq, S. (2022) · Journal of Social Research Development · doi:10.53664/jsrd/03-02-2022-05-173-192 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of Teachers' Instructional Techniques on Student Involvement in Class: A Case Study
Afzal, A., & Rafiq, S. (2022) · UMT Education Review · doi:10.32350/uer.52.10 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationInvestigating the Benefits and Challenges of Blended Learning Approaches at the University Level
Kanwal, A., Zahid, A., & Afzal, A. (2023) · Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities · doi:10.55737/qjssh.546834164 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Bailin, S., & Siegel, H. (2016). Critical thinking. In N. M. Seel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 793-797). Springer.
- Denson, N., Austin, J., & Park, H. (2015). The impact of diversity-related course work on student attitudes: An analysis of the national study of diversity in general education. Journal of College Student Development, 56(8), 751-767.
- Jones, R., & Clark, S. (2021). Teaching Critical Thinking: Strategies and Approaches. Journal of Higher Education, 45(2), 176-193.
- Kamran, F., Kanwal, A., Afzal, A., & Rafiq, S. (2023). Impact of Interactive Teaching Methods on Students Learning Outcomes at University level. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7(7), 89-105. https://spe-jpsp.com/wp-content/uploads/2023-1-8.pdf
- Rafiq, S., Afzal, A., & Kamran, F. (2022). Impact of School Environment on Students' Academic Achievements at the University Level. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences 10(4), 19- 30. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v10i4.1216 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Determining Factors for the Development of Critical Thinking in Higher Education
Jaramillo Gómez, D. L., Álvarez Maestre, A. J., Parada Trujillo, A. E., Pérez Fuentes, C. A., Bedoya Ortiz, D. H., & Sanabria Alarcón, R. K. (2025) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence13060059 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The interaction between the social environment, the educational context, and cultural diversity creates a complex framework in which critical thinking is not only encouraged but also conditioned by prevailing structures (Afzal et al. 2023; Darcie et al. 2024) (Figure 4).”
Developing Future Teachers’ Academic Writing and Critical Thinking Skills Using ChatGPT
Datskiv, O., Zadorozhna, I., & Shon, O. (2024) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v19i07.49935 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Afzal, A., Kamran, F., & Naseem, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Management and Technology (PK)
- Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.
- Corresponding author
- Afzal, Ayesha
- Venue
- Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
- Publisher
- Qlantic e Publications
- Published
- 2023-09-30
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 202-214
- ISSN
- 2791-0229 (ISSN-L)
- 2791-0245
- OpenAlex
- W4387912392
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 14.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Evaluation of Teaching Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Strategies and Epistemologies
- Keywords
- critical thinking, teacher role, higher education, teaching methods, faculty training, cultural diversity, assessment practices, faculty readiness, university faculty, Lahore
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review