Not Only Sleepwalking But NREM Parasomnia Irrespective of the Type Is Associated with HLA DQB1*05:01
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Study objectives Despite the high prevalence and clinical relevance of NREM parasomnias, data on supportive genetic markers are scarce, and mainly refer to sleepwalking only.Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical, polysomnographic, and HLA findings of 74 adults (37 men) with NREM parasomnia gathered from four neurological sleep centers. Parasomniac events were classified according to ICSD-2 criteria. HLA DQB1 genotyping was compared to regional-matched reference allele-frequencies.Results Fifty-six patients had more than 2 different parasomnia type: 11 sleepwalking, 4 sleep terrors, 3 confusional arousals only. Parasomniac events were documented during video-polysomnography (V-PSG) in 70% (49/70) of subjects (71.4% confusional arousals, 8.2% sleep terrors, 4.1% sleepwalking, 16.3% ≥ 2 NREM parasomnia types). Violent behavior during V-PSG occurred in 8.5% (6/71). NREM parasomnia onset was reported after the age of 30 years in 6.8% (5/74). The HLA DQB1*05:01 allele was present in 41% (29/71) compared to 24.2% in the regional-matched reference allele group (p < 0.05). This haplotype prevalence did not differ within the NREM parasomnia type. Epworth Sleepiness Score was 10 or higher in 28.6%.Conclusions This is a large polysomnography-based case series of patients with NREM parasomnia. In patients with suspected sleepwalking or sleep terrors, polysomnography is highly useful in detecting arousals from NREM sleep as a marker of NREM parasomnia. We confirmed previous findings by demonstrating a high prevalence of the HLA DQB1*05:01 genotype for different types of NREM parasomnias. Our findings therefore support a common genetic background, and corroborate the importance of video-polysomnography in the work-up of parasomnia.
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A high prevalence of HLA DQB1*04 and HLA DQB1*05:01 alleles has been demonstrated in patients with sleep terrors.
“A high prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*04 and HLA DQB1*05:01 alleles have been demonstrated in patients with sleep terrors [29, 56, 57].”
From Sleep Terrors: An Updated Review (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
The HLA Genotyping section reports DQB1*05:01 in all three genotyped patients with sleep terrors, and Table 2 lists the same result. The paper does not report a high prevalence of DQB1*04 in these patients; its genotyping methods describe typing DQB1*05 and *06. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn one study, the HLA DQB1*05:01 allele was present in 29 (40.8%) of 71 patients with NREM parasomnia compared to 24.2% in the regional-matched reference allele group (p < 0.05).
“In one study, the HLA DQB1*05:01 allele was present in 29 (40.8%) of the 71 patients with NREM parasomnia compared to 24.2% in the regional-matched reference allele group (p < 0.05) [56].”
From Sleep Terrors: An Updated Review (2020) · cites this paper as [56]
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Psychobiological personality traits of children and adolescents with disorders of arousalPreprint
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Self-citationPrevalence and Determinants of Periodic Limb Movement: A Systematic Review of Current Evidences
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- Authors
- Heidbreder, A., Frauscher, B., Mitterling, T., Boentert, M., Schirmacher, A., Hörtnagl, P., Schennach, H., Massoth, C., Happe, S., Mayer, G., Young, P., & Högl, B.
- Affiliations
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- University Hospital Münster (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Young, Peter
- Högl, Birgit
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2016-04-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 565-570
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC4795284
- OpenAlex
- W2293368758
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Restless Legs Syndrome Research
- Keywords
- NREM parasomnias, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, confusional arousals, genetic susceptibility, video-polysomnography, sleepiness
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sleep Stages, Somnambulism, Videotape Recording, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Parasomnias, Sleep Arousal Disorders, Young Adult, HLA-DQ beta-Chains
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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