Screening of obstructive sleep apnea in patients who snore using a patch-type device with electrocardiogram and 3-axis accelerometer
Open accessAbstract
Study objectives People with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain undiagnosed because of the lack of easy and comfortable screening tools. Through this study, we aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of chest wall motion and cyclic variation of heart rate (CVHR) in detecting OSA by using a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) patch with a 3-axis accelerometer.Methods In total, 119 patients who snore simultaneously underwent polysomnography with a single-lead ECG patch. Signals of chest wall motion and CVHR from the single-lead ECG patch were collected. The chest effort index (CEI) was calculated using the chest wall motion recorded by a 3-axis accelerometer in the device. The ability of CEI and CVHR indices in diagnosing moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15) was compared using the area under the curve (AUC) by using the DeLong test.Results CVHR detected moderate-to-severe OSA with 52.9% sensitivity and 94.1% specificity (AUC: 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.84, optimal cutoff: 21.2 events/h). By contrast, CEI identified moderate-to-severe OSA with 80% sensitivity and 79.4% specificity (AUC: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.94, optimal cutoff: 7.1 events/h). CEI significantly outperformed CVHR regarding the discrimination ability for moderate-to-severe OSA (ΔAUC: 0.11, 95% confidence interval: 0.009-0.21, P = .032). For determining severe OSA, the performance of discrimination ability was greater (AUC = 0.90, 95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.95) when combining these two signals.Conclusions Both CEI and CVHR recorded from a patch-type device with ECG and a 3-axis accelerometer can be used to detect moderate-to-severe OSA. Thus, incorporation of CEI is helpful in the detection of sleep apnea by using a single-lead ECG with a 3-axis accelerometer.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The e-tattoo achieves one of the lowest current draws (940 μA) among wearable cardiac sensors developed in prior work.
“This form factor coupled with innovative firmware for sensor interfacing and transmission of data allows us to achieve one of the lowest total device weights (2.5 g including battery) and current draws (940 µ A) among wearable cardiac sensors developed in prior work as illustrated via Ashby plot in Figure 1e. [18-24]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
The e-tattoo achieves one of the lowest total device weights (2.5 g including battery) among wearable cardiac sensors developed in prior work.
“This form factor coupled with innovative firmware for sensor interfacing and transmission of data allows us to achieve one of the lowest total device weights (2.5 g including battery) and current draws (940 µ A) among wearable cardiac sensors developed in prior work as illustrated via Ashby plot in Figure 1e. [18-24]”
From A Chest‐Conformable, Wireless Electro‐Mechanical E‐Tattoo for Measuring Multiple Cardiac Time Intervals (2023) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Berry, R. B., Budhiraja, R., Gottlieb, D. J., Gozal, D., Iber, C., Kapur, V. K., Marcus, C. L., Mehra, R., Parthasarathy, S., Quan, S. F., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.2172 · Cited by 5,302 · see citing works
Benjafield, A. V., Ayas, N. T., Eastwood, P. R., Heinzer, R., Ip, M. S. M., Morrell, M. J., Nunez, C. M., Patel, S. R., Penzel, T., Pépin, J.-L., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30198-5 · Cited by 4,326 · see citing works
Kapur, V. K., Auckley, D. H., Chowdhuri, S., Kuhlmann, D. C., Mehra, R., Ramar, K., & Harrod, C. G. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6506 · Cited by 3,253 · see citing works
Towards Complete and Accurate Reporting of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy: The STARD Initiative
Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P., Irwig, L., Lijmer, J. G., Moher, D., Rennie, D., de Vet, H. C. W., et al. (2003) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00443-5 · Cited by 3,182 · see citing works
Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep
Remmers, J. E., deGroot, W. J., Sauerland, E. K., & Anch, A. M. (1978) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1978.44.6.931 · Cited by 1,883 · see citing works
Association of Sleep Apnea and Type II Diabetes
Reichmuth, K. J., Austin, D., Skatrud, J. B., & Young, T. B. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-637oc · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death
Gami, A. S., Olson, E. J., Shen, W. K., Wright, R. S., Ballman, K. V., Hodge, D. O., Herges, R. M., Howard, D. E., & Somers, V. K. (2013) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.080 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
CYCLICAL VARIATION OF THE HEART RATE IN SLEEP APNOEA SYNDROME
Guilleminault, C., Winkle, R. A., Connolly, S. J., Melvin, K., & Tilkian, A. G. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90062-x · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Penzel, T., McNames, J., de Chazal, P., Raymond, B., Murray, A., & Moody, G. B. (2002) · Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing · doi:10.1007/bf02345072 · Cited by 418 · see citing works
Engleman, H. M. (2004) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2003.015867 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Khandoker, A. H., Palaniswami, M. S., & Karmakar, C. K. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine · doi:10.1109/titb.2008.2004495 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
A Novel Algorithm for the Automatic Detection of Sleep Apnea From Single-Lead ECG
Varon, C., Caicedo, A., Testelmans, D., Buyse, B., & Huffel, S. V. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2015.2422378 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea: Electromyographic and fiberoptic studies
Guilleminault, C., Hill, M. W., Simmons, F. B., & Dement, W. C. (1978) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(78)90040-7 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Cerebrovascular Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Durgan, D. J., & Bryan, R. M. (2012) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.111.000091 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Guggisberg, A. G., Hess, C. W., & Mathis, J. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.6.755 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Managing palpitations and arrhythmias during pregnancy
Adamson, D. L., & Nelson‐Piercy, C. (2007) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/hrt.2006.098822 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Méndez, M. O., Corthout, J., Huffel, S. V., Matteucci, M., Penzel, T., Cerutti, S., & Bianchi, A. M. (2010) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/0967-3334/31/3/001 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Comparison of four sleep questionnaires for screening obstructive sleep apnea
El-Sayed, I. H. (2012) · Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.ejcdt.2012.07.003 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Duce, B., Milosavljevic, J., & Hukins, C. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.5280 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Cardiovascular variability during periodic leg movements: a spectral analysis approach
Sforza, E. A., Pichot, V., Barthélemy, J., Haba‐Rubio, J., & Roche, F. (2005) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2004.12.018 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Chest wall motion in sleep apnea.
Staats, B. A., Bonekat, H. W., Harris, C., & Offord, K. P. (1984) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1984.130.1.59 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea by Cyclic Variation of Heart Rate
Hayano, J., Watanabe, E., Saito, Y., Sasaki, F., Fujimoto, K., Nomiyama, T., Kawai, K., Kodama, I., & Sakakibara, H. (2010) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.110.958009 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Screening and assessment for obstructive sleep apnea in primary care
Miller, J. N., & Berger, A. M. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.09.005 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A comparison between the AASM 2012 and 2007 definitions for detecting hypopnea
BaHammam, A. S., Obeidat, A., Barataman, K., Bahammam, S. A., Olaish, A. H., & Sharif, M. M. (2014) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-014-0939-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea
del Campo, F., Crespo, A., Cerezo-Hernández, A., Gutiérrez‐Tobal, G. C., Hornero, R., & Álvarez, D. (2018) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2018.1495563 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Liu, W., Wu, H., Juang, J.-N., Wisniewski, A. P., Lee, H., Wu, D., & Lo, Y.-L. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176991 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationAmbulatory screening tool for sleep apnea: analyzing a single-lead electrocardiogram signal (ECG)
Magnúsdóttir, S., & Hilmisson, H. (2017) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-017-1566-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Hilmisson, H., Lange, N. R., & Duntley, S. P. (2018) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-018-1672-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Analysis of the interbeat interval increment to detect obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea
Roche, F., Celle, S., Pichot, V., Barthélemy, J., & Sforza, E. A. (2007) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00042606 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hayano, J., Tsukahara, T., Watanabe, E., Sasaki, F., Kawai, K., Sakakibara, H., Kodama, I., Nomiyama, T., & Fujimoto, K. (2012) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-012-0681-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lin, S. H., Branson, C., Park, L., Leung, J., Doshi, N., & Auerbach, S. H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.7538 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zamarrón, C., Hornero, R., del Campo, F., Abásolo, D., & Álvarez, D. (2006) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-005-0049-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Filling in the Pieces of the Sleep Apnea–Hypertension Puzzle
Kapur, V. K., & Weaver, E. M. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5039 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Jung, Y., Junna, M. R., Mandrekar, J. N., & Morgenthaler, T. I. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6724 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hsu, Y., Hsu, W., Ko, J., Yeh, T., Lee, C., & Kang, K. (2018) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599818813337 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationIncidence of Multilevel Surgical Procedures and Readmissions in Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in Taiwan
Hsu, Y., Hsu, W., Ko, J., Yeh, T., Lee, C., & Kang, K. (2019) · JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2019.1656 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPoupard, L., Court‐Fortune, I., Pichot, V., Chouchou, F., Barthélemy, J., & Roche, F. (2010) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-010-0446-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zavanelli, N., Kim, H., Kim, J.-S., Herbert, R., Mahmood, M., Kim, Y., Kwon, S., Bolus, N. B., Torstrick, F. B., Lee, C. S. D., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl4146 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Technologies for sleep monitoring at home: wearables and nearables
Yoon, H., & Choi, S. H. (2023) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-023-00305-8 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Hayano, J., & Yuda, E. (2021) · Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY · doi:10.1186/s40101-021-00272-y · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Shen, Q., Yang, X. S., Zou, L., Wei, K., Wang, C., & Liu, G. (2022) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2022.3195777 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, S., Nikbakht, M., Alden, A., Tan, P., Wang, J., Alhalimi, T. A., Kim, S., Wang, P., Tanaka, H., Tandon, A., et al. (2023) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202201284 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Yeo, M., Byun, H., Lee, J., Byun, J., Rhee, H. Y., Shin, W., & Yoon, H. (2021) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2021.3098312 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Hong, W. (2023) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/48803 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and beyond using portable monitors
Abu, K., Khraiche, M. L., & Amatoury, J. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.11.034 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yang, M. B., Liu, Z., Cai, C., Wang, Y., Yang, J., & Yang, J. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2021.3130325 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Tang, L., & Liu, G. (2021) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104632 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wu, S., Chen, M., Wei, K., & Liu, G. (2021) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106442 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Liu, W., Lin, S., Tsai, C.-Y., Liu, Y.-S., Hsu, W.-H., Majumdar, A., Lin, C., Lee, K., Wu, D., Kuan, Y., et al. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21238097 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, T., Zhang, J., Xu, Z., Redmond, S. J., Lovell, N. H., Liu, G., & Wang, C. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3377270 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C., Lin, C.-H., Yang, T. Y., Wang, T., Li, S., Fang, Y.-A., Chen, T.-J., Tzeng, H.-E., Chiu, C.-C., Hao, W., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationZou, L., & Liu, G. (2023) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2023.3335658 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Carandina, A., Fanti, G., Carminati, A., Baroni, M., Salafia, G., Arosio, B., Macchi, C., Ruscica, M., Vicenzi, M., Carugo, S., et al. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119783 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jiang, X., Ren, Y., Wu, H., Li, Y., & Liu, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1222715 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hayano, J., & Yuda, E. (2021) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/anec.12901 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Lin, S., Tsai, C.-Y., Majumdar, A., Ho, Y., Huang, Y., Kao, C.-K., Yeh, S.-M., Hsu, W.-H., Kuan, Y., Lee, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.11136 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationAn Automated Algorithm for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using a Wireless Abdomen-Worn Sensor
Dang, T. H., Kim, S., Choi, M., Hwan, S.-N., Min, H.-K., & Bien, F. D. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25082412 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Comparison of OPPO Watch Sleep Analyzer and Polysomnography for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Screening
Zhou, G., Zhao, W. G., Zhang, Y., Zhou, W., Yan, H., Wei, Y., Tang, Y., Zeng, Z., & Cheng, H. (2024) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s438065 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chen, M., Wu, S., Chen, T., Wang, C., & Liu, G. (2022) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios12121089 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, H., Wang, C., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Lee, J., Chiu, F., Chang, Y., Jacobowitz, O., Chu, C., & Hsu, Y. (2023) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/ohn.364 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, K. H., Liu, W., Lin, Y., Chen, Z., Ho, Y., Huang, Y., Tsai, Z.-L., Hsu, C., Yeh, S.-M., Lin, H. Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s486261 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationA Compact and Wireless Wearable System for Sleep Apnea Detection
Rahimi, H., Rahdar, A., Moradi, A., Akbar, F., & Fotowat‐Ahmady, A. (2025) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2025.3582712 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Yu, X., Guan, L., Peng, S., Zhang, Q., Guo, X., Li, T., Zhang, J., Ji, Y., & Zhang, H. (2024) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-024-03136-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wyckmans, M., Tukanov, E., Winters, R., Stinissen, R., Vermeulen, H., Dendale, P., & Desteghe, L. (2021) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.14256 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, P., Chen, Z., Liu, W., Majumdar, A., & Tsai, C.-Y. (2024) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2024.101942 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, Y. K., Koo, J. H., Kim, R., Kim, G. C., Song, H. S., Lee, M., & Lee, K. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822586 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DARE to wear: digital health promotion and disease prevention using wearable devices
D’Ascanio, I., Moscato, S., Sanabria, J. L. A., Bacalini, M. G., Bellafiore, M., Belli, L., Berti, L., Bhuyan, M. J., Cainelli, E., Cappon, G., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-03230-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effects of Gender and Obesity on Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea PatientsPreprint
Sah, S. K., Tan, H. Z., Sun, Y., Jin, F., Zhang, Y., & Shah, A. K. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202009.0354.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ECG monitoring in patients recovered from COVID-19
Curnis, A., Arabia, G., Salghetti, F., Cerini, M., Milidoni, A., Calvi, E., Beretta, D., Bisegna, S., Ahmed, A., Mitacchione, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.2459/jcm.0000000000001436
Interventional Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Hsu, Y., Hsin, L., Lee, L., Liu, W., & Li, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-2648-2_3
Self-citationHsu, Y.-S., Lin, Y.-C., Kuo, Y.-E., Chou, C.-H., Chou, M.-C., Chang, Y., Jacobowitz, O., Lin, C.-M., Lo, S.-C., Kuo, T. B. J., et al. (2026) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s568569
Self-citationChen, Z., Liu, W., Wang, P., Majumdar, A., Kang, J., Kuan, Y., Chen, Y.-L., Lee, K.-Y., Feng, P., Chen, K.-Y., et al. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2672584
Self-citationApnea-hypopnea index estimation using overnight chest-wall accelerometry
Schipper, F., Fonseca, P., Grassi, A., Ross, M., van Meulen, F., van Gilst, M. M., Bosschieter, P. F. N., Schoustra, E., van Sloun, R. J. G., Abdenbi, F., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2026.1858267
Calvani, R., Sollazzo, F., Sarti, L. M., Gallo, A., Picca, A., Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Russo, A., Salini, S., Bianco, M., Marzetti, E., et al. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14050540
Measuring adult breathing pattern: devices, outcomes, and evidence—a scoping review
Martins, R. B., Rodrigues, F., Martins, A., Neves, B., Silva-Migueis, H., Guerra, J., da Costa, S. P., & Costa, N. (2026) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-026-03834-5
Werle, R., Kuhlmann, R., & Albrecht, U. (2026) · JMIR Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.2196/104899
- Authors
- Hsu, Y.-S., Chen, T.-Y., Wu, D., Lin, C.-M., Juang, J.-N., & Liu, W.-T.
- Affiliations
- Fu Jen Catholic University (TW)
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
- Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (TW)
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Wen-Te
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
- Published
- 2020-07-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1149-1160
- ISSN
- 1550-9389 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9397
- PMC
- PMC7954076
- OpenAlex
- W3015147832
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea screening, snoring, chest wall motion, single-lead ECG, 3-axis accelerometer, wearable devices, diagnostic accuracy, apnea-hypopnea index
- MeSH terms
- Electrocardiography, Humans, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Polysomnography, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Accelerometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
