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Closure of the Global Overturning Circulation Through the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans: Schematics and Transports

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Warming of Global Abyssal and Deep Southern Ocean Waters between the 1990s and 2000s: Contributions to Global Heat and Sea Level Rise Budgets*

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Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility Pages 1029 to 1076

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Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array

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An imperative to monitor Earth's energy imbalance

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Quantifying Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water volumes

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Observations: Ocean Pages

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Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography

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Antarctic Bottom Water Warming and Freshening: Contributions to Sea Level Rise, Ocean Freshwater Budgets, and Global Heat Gain*

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On the Future of Argo: A Global, Full-Depth, Multi-Disciplinary Array

Roemmich, D. H., Alford, M. H., Claustre, H., Johnson, K. S., King, B., Moum, J. N., Oke, P. R., Owens, W. B., Pouliquen, S., Purkey, S. G., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00439 · Cited by 555

Framing, Context, and Methods

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Measuring Global Ocean Heat Content to Estimate the Earth Energy Imbalance

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Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the “Invisible” Part of Arctic Primary Production

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Southern Ocean Warming

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The unprecedented coupled ocean-atmosphere summer heatwave in the New Zealand region 2017/18: drivers, mechanisms and impacts

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Future Vision for Autonomous Ocean Observations

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Subsurface Evolution and Persistence of Marine Heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific

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The Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP): A Platform for Integrated Multidisciplinary Ocean Science

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The tropical atlantic observing system

Foltz, G. R., Brandt, P., Richter, I., Rodríguez-Fonseca, B., Hernandez, F., Dengler, M., Rodrigues, R. R., Schmidt, J. O., Yu, L., Lefevre, N., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00206 · Cited by 150

SMART Cables for Observing the Global Ocean: Science and Implementation

Howe, B. M., Arbic, B. K., Aucan, J. P., Barnes, C. R., Bayliff, N., Becker, N., Butler, R., Doyle, L., Elipot, S., Johnson, G. C., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00424 · Cited by 150

Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4

von Schuckmann, K., Traon, P. L., Smith, N., Pascual, A., Djavidnia, S., Gattuso, J., Grégoire, M., Nolan, G. D., Aaboe, S., Fanjul, E. Á., et al. (2020) · Journal of Operational Oceanography · doi:10.1080/1755876x.2020.1785097 · Cited by 152

Contributions of Altimetry and Argo to Non‐Closure of the Global Mean Sea Level Budget Since 2016

Barnoud, A., Pfeffer, J., Guérou, A., Frery, M., Siméon, M., Cazenave, A., Chen, J., Llovel, W., Thierry, V., Legeais, J., et al. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl092824 · Cited by 119

Unabated Bottom Water Warming and Freshening in the South Pacific Ocean

Purkey, S. G., Johnson, G. C., Talley, L. D., Sloyan, B. M., Wijffels, S., Smethie, W. M., Mecking, S., & Katsumata, K. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1029/2018jc014775 · Cited by 96

Warming From Recent Marine Heatwave Lingers in Deep British Columbia Fjord

Jackson, J. M., Johnson, G. C., Dosser, H. V., & Ross, T. (2018) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl078971 · Cited by 93

Deep Argo Quantifies Bottom Water Warming Rates in the Southwest Pacific Basin

Johnson, G. C., Purkey, S. G., Zilberman, N. V., & Roemmich, D. H. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2018gl081685 · Cited by 81

GFDL's SPEAR Seasonal Prediction System: Initialization and Ocean Tendency Adjustment (OTA) for Coupled Model Predictions

Lu, F., Harrison, M., Rosati, A. J., Delworth, T. L., Yang, X., Cooke, W. F., Jia, L., McHugh, C. E., Johnson, N. C., Bushuk, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems · doi:10.1029/2020ms002149 · Cited by 76

More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future

Goni, G. J., Janet Sprintall, A., Bringas, F. G., Cheng, L., Cirano, M., Dong, S., Domingues, R. M., Goes, M. P., Lopez, H., Morrow, R. A., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 · Cited by 73

The internal consistency of the marine carbon dioxide system for high latitude shipboard and in situ monitoring

Raimondi, L., Matthews, J. B., Atamanchuk, D., Azetsu‐Scott, K., & Wallace, D. W. R. (2019) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2019.03.001 · Cited by 72

Global Perspectives on Observing Ocean Boundary Current Systems

Todd, R. E., Chavez, F. P., Clayton, S. A., Cravatte, S., Góes, M., Graco, M., Lin, X., Sprintall, J., Zilberman, N. V., Archer, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00423 · Cited by 82

Unparalleled coupled ocean-atmosphere summer heatwaves in the New Zealand region: drivers, mechanisms and impacts

Salinger, M. J., Diamond, H. J., Behrens, E., Fernández, D., Fitzharris, B. B., Herold, N., Johnstone, P., Kerckhoffs, H., Mullan, A. B., Parker, A. K., et al. (2020) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-020-02730-5 · Cited by 66

Ocean Warming: From the Surface to the Deep in Observations and Models

Durack, P. J., Gleckler, P. J., Purkey, S. G., Johnson, G. C., Lyman, J. M., & Boywe, T. (2018) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2018.227 · Cited by 57

An evaluation of high-resolution ocean reanalyses in the California current system

Amaya, D. J., Alexander, M. A., Scott, J. D., & Jacox, M. G. (2022) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102951 · Cited by 55

Integrating Inland and Coastal Water Quality Data for Actionable Knowledge

Serafy, G. Y. E., Schaeffer, B. A., Neely, M. B., Spinosa, A., Odermatt, D., Weathers, K. C., Baracchini, T., Bouffard, D., Carvalho, L., Conmy, R. N., et al. (2021) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs13152899 · Cited by 55

SMART Subsea Cables for Observing the Earth and Ocean, Mitigating Environmental Hazards, and Supporting the Blue Economy

Howe, B. M., Angove, M. D., Aucan, J. P., Barnes, C. R., Barros, J. S., Bayliff, N., Becker, N., Carrilho, F. J., Fouch, M. J., Fry, B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2021.775544 · Cited by 52

Future Ocean Observations to Connect Climate, Fisheries and Marine Ecosystems

Schmidt, J. O., Bograd, S. J., Arrizabalaga, H., de Azevedo, J. L. L., Barbeaux, S. J., Barth, J. A., Boyer, T., Brodie, S. J., Cárdenas, J. J., Cross, S., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00550 · Cited by 51

Vertical redistribution of salt and layered changes in global ocean salinity

Liu, C., Liang, X., Ponte, R. M., Vinogradova, N. T., & Wang, O. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11436-x · Cited by 45

The Joint IOC (of UNESCO) and WMO Collaborative Effort for Met-Ocean Services

Pinardi, N., Stander, J. N., Legler, D. M., O’Brien, K., Boyer, T., Cuff, T., Bahurel, P., Belbéoch, M., Belov, S. V., Brunner, S. L., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00410 · Cited by 44

Tropical Atlantic Variability: Observations and Modeling

Cabos, W., de la Vara, A., & Koseki, S. (2019) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos10090502 · Cited by 48

Does Export Production Measure Transient Changes of the Biological Carbon Pump's Feedback to the Atmosphere Under Global Warming?

Koeve, W., Kähler, P., & Oschlies, A. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl089928 · Cited by 38

Estimating global ocean heat content from tidal magnetic satellite observations

Irrgang, C., Saynisch‐Wagner, J., & Thomas, M. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44397-8 · Cited by 39

Warming and lateral shift of the Gulf Stream from in situ observations since 2001

Todd, R. E., & Ren, A. S. (2023) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01835-w · Cited by 35

How Deep Argo Will Improve the Deep Ocean in an Ocean Reanalysis

Gasparin, F., Hamon, M., Rémy, E., & Traon, P. L. (2019) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-19-0208.1 · Cited by 35

Trends and Variability in Earth’s Energy Imbalance and Ocean Heat Uptake Since 2005

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Observed Ocean Bottom Temperature Variability at Four Sites in the Northwestern Argentine Basin: Evidence of Decadal Deep/Abyssal Warming Amidst Hourly to Interannual Variability During 2009–2019

Meinen, C. S., Perez, R. C., Dong, S., Piola, A. R., & Campos, E. J. D. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl089093 · Cited by 34

Energetic overturning flows, dynamic interocean exchanges, and ocean warming observed in the South Atlantic

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Light scattering by pure seawater: Effect of pressure

Hu, L., Zhang, X., & Perry, M. J. (2019) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2019.03.009 · Cited by 30

Global Argo data fast receiving and post-quality-control system

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Interactions between the Arctic Mediterranean and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: A Review

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Eddy‐Resolving In Situ Ocean Climatologies of Temperature and Salinity in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean

Seidov, D., Mishonov, A. V., Reagan, J., & Parsons, R. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1029/2018jc014548 · Cited by 28

Inversion of Ocean Subsurface Temperature and Salinity Fields Based on Spatio-Temporal Correlation

Song, T., Wei, W., Meng, F., Wang, J., Han, R., & Xu, D. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14112587 · Cited by 28

Northern Arabian Sea Circulation-Autonomous Research (NASCar): A Research Initiative Based on Autonomous Sensors

Oceanography, S. I. O., Centurioni, L., Hormann, V., Talley, L. D., Arzeno‐Soltero, I. B., Beal, L. M., Caruso, M. J., Conry, P., Echols, R., Fernando, H. J. S., et al. (2017) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2017.224 · Cited by 28

Autonomous Multi-Platform Observations During the Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study

NASA, Lindstrom, E. J., Shcherbina, A., Rainville, L., Farrar, J. T., Centurioni, L., Dong, S., D’Asaro, E. A., Eriksen, C. C., Fratantoni, D. M., et al. (2017) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2017.218 · Cited by 27

Global Patterns of Spatial and Temporal Variability in Salinity from Multiple Gridded Argo Products

Liu, C., Liang, X., Chambers, D. P., & Ponte, R. M. (2020) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0053.1 · Cited by 24

Deep‐Ocean Circulation in the Southwest Pacific Ocean Interior: Estimates of the Mean Flow and Variability Using Deep Argo Data

Zilberman, N. V., Roemmich, D. H., & Gilson, J. E. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2020gl088342 · Cited by 23

Effects of ocean eddies on the tropical storm Roanu intensity in the Bay of Bengal

Liu, Y., LÜ, H., Zhang, H., Cui, Y., & Xing, X. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247521 · Cited by 20

Subsurface Science and Search for Life in Ocean Worlds

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Reconstructing 3D ocean subsurface salinity (OSS) from T–S mapping via a data-driven deep learning model

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Telepresence is a potentially transformative tool for field science

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Scripps Argo Trajectory-Based Velocity Product: Global Estimates of Absolute Velocity Derived from Core, Biogeochemical, and Deep Argo Float Trajectories at Parking Depth

Zilberman, N. V., Scanderbeg, M., Gray, A. R., & Oke, P. R. (2023) · Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology · doi:10.1175/jtech-d-22-0065.1 · Cited by 15

Effects of Anticyclonic Eddies on the Unique Tropical Storm Deliwe (2014) in the Mozambique Channel

Bai, L., Lü, H., Huang, H., Shahzad, M. I., Ding, X., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse11010129 · Cited by 14

Biogeochemistry of greenhouse gases in coastal upwelling systems: Processes and sensitivity to global change

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LocoMote: AI-Driven Sensor Tags for Fine-Grained Undersea Localization and Sensing

Saha, S. S., Davis, C. W., Sandha, S. S., Park, J., Geronimo, J., Garcia, L. A., & Srivastava, M. B. (2024) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2024.3383721 · Cited by 14

The Next Decade of Seismic Oceanography: Possibilities, Challenges and Solutions

Dickinson, A., & Gunn, K. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.736693 · Cited by 14

Towards a flourishing blue economy: Identifying obstacles and pathways for its sustainable development

Auad, G., & Fath, B. D. (2022) · Current Research in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100193 · Cited by 13

A unified switching dynamic modeling of multi-mode underwater vehicle

Fu, J., Zhou, H., Zhang, X., Wen, H., Yao, B., & Lian, L. (2023) · Ocean Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114359 · Cited by 13

Marine aquaculture sites have huge potential as data providers for climate change assessments

Falconer, L., Halstensen, S., Rinø, S. F., Chris, N., Dale, T., Alvestad, R., & Ytteborg, E. (2024) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741519 · Cited by 14

Performance study of ray-based ocean acoustic tomography methods for estimating submesoscale variability in the upper ocean

Ollivier, E., Touret, R. X., McKinley, M., Jin, J., Bracco, A., & Sabra, K. G. (2024) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/10.0024819 · Cited by 11

Cooperative flow field estimation via relative and absolute motion-integration errors of multiple AUVs

Shi, L., Zheng, R., Zhang, S., & Liu, M. (2022) · Automatica · doi:10.1016/j.automatica.2022.110306 · Cited by 11

Assessment of Top of Atmosphere, Atmospheric and Surface Energy Budgets in CMIP6 Models on Regional Scales

Li, D., Folini, D., & Wild, M. (2023) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1029/2022ea002758 · Cited by 11

Energy recovery and conservation utilizing seawater pressure in the working process of Deep-Argo profiling float

Xue, G., Liu, Y., Si, W., Ji, C., Guo, F., & Li, Z. (2020) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116845 · Cited by 11

Continuous winter oceanic profiling in the Cape Darnley Polynya, East Antarctica

Aoki, S., Ono, K., Hirano, D., & Tamura, T. (2020) · Journal of Oceanography · doi:10.1007/s10872-020-00550-w · Cited by 11

Unsupervised Classification of Global Temperature Profiles Based on Gaussian Mixture Models

Ye, X., & Zhou, W. (2025) · Journal of Marine Science and Engineering · doi:10.3390/jmse13010092 · Cited by 9

A digital-twin strategy using robots for marine ecosystem monitoring

Aguzzi, J., Chatzidouros, E., Chatzievangelou, D., Clavel‐Henry, M., Flögel, S., Bahamón, N., Tangerlini, M., Thomsen, L., Picardi, G., Navarro, J., et al. (2025) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103409 · Cited by 10

Observed features of salinity bias with negative pressure dependency for measurements by SBE 41CP and SBE 61 CTD sensors on deep profiling floats

Kobayashi, T., Sato, K., & King, B. (2021) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102686 · Cited by 9

Scalable spatio‐temporal smoothing via hierarchical sparse Cholesky decomposition

Jurek, M., & Katzfuß, M. (2022) · Environmetrics · doi:10.1002/env.2757 · Cited by 9

A machine learning approach to quality-control Argo temperature data

Zhang, Q., Qian, C., & Dong, C. (2022) · Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.aosl.2022.100292 · Cited by 9

Impact of ocean fronts on the reconstruction of vertical temperature profiles from sea surface measurements

Chen, X., Wang, C., Li, H., Hu, D., Changyuan, C., & He, Y. (2022) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103833 · Cited by 8

Light scattering by pure seawater at subzero temperatures

Hu, L., Zhang, X., & Perry, M. J. (2020) · Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103306 · Cited by 8

Detecting Regional Deep Ocean Warming below 2000 meter Based on Altimetry, GRACE, Argo, and CTD Data

Yang, Y., Zhong, M., Feng, W., & Mu, D. (2021) · Advances in Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00376-021-1049-3 · Cited by 7

In situ imaging of a kleptoplastidic ciliate thin layer indicates traditional sampling underestimates oceanic mixotroph biomass

Barua, R., Nyman, L., Guo, B.-Y., Johnson, M. D., Kerkar, A., Hong, J.-R., Greer, A., Lehrter, J., McFarland, M., Penta, B., et al. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01708-w · Cited by 7

Revisiting the relationship between surface and column-integrated chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Biogeochemical-Argo and satellite era

Tanner, E. P., Ewin, H., Viljoen, J. J., & Brewin, R. J. W. (2024) · Frontiers in Remote Sensing · doi:10.3389/frsen.2024.1495958 · Cited by 6

Elucidating the Role of Marine Benthic Carbon in a Changing World

Schultz, C., Luo, J. Y., Brady, D. C., Fulweiler, R. W., Long, M. H., Petrik, C. M., Testa, J. M., Benway, H. M., Burdige, D., Cecchetto, M. M., et al. (2025) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2025gb008643 · Cited by 7

Spatiotemporal methods for estimating subsurface ocean thermal response to tropical cyclones

Hu, A., Kuusela, M., Lee, A. B., Giglio, D., & Wood, K. M. (2020) · Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography · doi:10.5194/ascmo-10-69-2024 · Cited by 6

Deep Lagrangian Connectivity in the Global Ocean Inferred from Argo Floats

Abernathey, R., Bladwell, C., Froyland, G., & Sakellariou, K. (2022) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-21-0156.1 · Cited by 8

Atlantic equatorial deep jets in Argo float data

Bastin, S., Claus, M., Brandt, P. N., & Greatbatch, R. J. (2022) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-21-0140.1 · Cited by 8

Spatiotemporal local interpolation of global ocean heat transport using Argo floats: A debiased latent Gaussian process approach

Park, B., Kuusela, M., Giglio, D., & Gray, A. R. (2023) · The Annals of Applied Statistics · doi:10.1214/22-aoas1679 · Cited by 5

OPO-CVI: design and implementation of an ocean profiling observation system for wave-powered vertical profiler following an ISO standard

Jiang, S., Guo, Z., Zhao, H., Cui, Z., & Wang, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1324523 · Cited by 5

Subsurface Temperature and Salinity Structures Inversion Using a Stacking-Based Fusion Model from Satellite Observations in the South China Sea

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High-resolution acoustic surveys with diving gliders come at a cost of aliasing moving targets

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Scientific Outcomes and Future Challenges of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry Program

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Argo: The Challenge of Continuing 10 Years of Progress [In: Special Issue on the Revolution of Global Ocean Forecasting - GODAE: 10 Years of Achievement]

Roemmich, D. H., King, B., & Gould, J. W. (2009) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)

Present status of Argo project and our challenge: Argo system as infrastructure of oceanography

花輪, 公., 四竈, 信., & 須賀, 利. (2007) · 月刊海洋