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An Ecological View of the History of the City of Cape Town
Open accessAbstract
Rapid global urbanization and the knowledge that ecological systems underpin the future sustainability and resilience of our cities, make an understanding of urban ecology critical.The way humans engage with ecological processes within cities is highly complex, and both from a social and ecological perspective these engagements cannot be interpreted meaningfully on the basis of a single timeframe.Historical analyses offer useful insights into the nature of social-ecological interactions under diverse conditions, enabling improved decision-making into the future.We present an historical review of the evolving relationship between the urban settlement of Cape Town and the ecological processes inherent to its natural surroundings.Since its establishment, the people of Cape Town have been acutely aware of, and exploited, the natural resources presented by Table Mountain and its surrounding wilderness area.An examination of this pattern of engagement, explored through an ecological process lens, in particular drawing on the terminology provided by the ecosystem services framework, reflects a journey of the changing needs and demands of a growing urban settlement.Ecological processes, and their ensuing flow of ecosystem services, have been exploited, overexploited, interrupted, reestablished, conserved, and variably valued through time.Processes of significance, for example water provision, soil erosion, the provision of wood and natural materials, and the role of fire, are presented.This historical analysis documents the progression from a wilderness to a tamed and largely benign urban environment.Evident is the variable valuing of ecosystem service attributes through time and by different people, at the same time, dependent on their immediate needs.
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Recent assessments note that contributions of invasive species to people are largely negative.
“Additionally, review studies noted little evidence on comparative benefits between native and nonnative plants for NbS design (40), though recent assessments note that contributions of invasive species to people are largely negative (41, 42).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
The 1900–present section says invasive alien plants in Cape Town spread at the expense of ecosystem services and biodiversity, supporting a negative effect on people. But the 1800–1900 section also describes a benefit from introduced Acacia—stabilizing mobile sands—and the paper does not assess whether invasive species’ contributions to people are largely negative overall. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Anderson, P. M. L., & O'Farrell, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- Venue
- Ecology and Society
- Publisher
- Resilience Alliance, Inc.
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1708-3087 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2332671378
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Ecology and Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
- Stiftelsen för Miljöstrategisk Forskning
- University of Cape Town
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Historical and Environmental Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Planning and Landscape Design
- Keywords
- urban ecology, Cape Town, social-ecological systems, ecosystem services, urbanization history, Table Mountain, natural resource exploitation, water supply, soil erosion, fire, urban wilderness, urban sustainability
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