Infrared spectral interpretation: a systematic approach

Abstract

THE BASICS OF INFRARED INTERPRETATION Advantages and Disadvantages of Infrared Spectroscopy The Properties of Light What Are Infrared Spectra Used For? How Molecules Absorb Infrared Radiation The Origins of Peak Positions, Peak Intensities, and Peak Widths Dealing with Mixtures Performing Identities Infrared Spectral Interpretation: A Systematic 10-Step Approach HYDROCARBONS Straight Chain Alkanes Estimating Hydrocarbon Chain Length Branched Alkanes Alkenes Distinguishing cis and transisomers Alkynes Aromatic Hydrocarbons Distinguishing Mono and Di- Substituted Benzene Rings FUNCTIONAL GROUPS CONTAINING THE C-O BOND Alcohols and Phenols The Affects of Hydrogen Bonding Distinguishing Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols Ethers Distinguishing Saturated and Aromatic Ethers Methyl Groups Attached to an Oxygen THE CARBONYL GROUP Ketones Aldehydes Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Carboxylic Acids Carboxylates (soaps) Acid Anhydrides Esters Distinguishing Saturated and Aromatic Esters Organic Carbonates ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS Amides Distinguishing Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amides Proteins Imides Amines Distinguishing Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines Nitriles The Nitro Group ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING SULFUR, SILICON, AND HALOGENS Organic Sulfur Compounds Thiols Sufloxides, Sulfates, etc. Organic Silicon Compounds Silicones (Siloxanes) Halogenated Organics C-X Stretches INORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Impact of Water on Inorganic Spectra Sulfates Silica and Silicates Carbonates Nitrates Phosphates INFRARED SPECTRA OF POLYMERS Polyethylenes Polypropylene Polystyrene Polyesters Acrylates Isocyanates and Polyurethanes Polycarbonates Polyimides Polytetrafluoroethylene SPECTRAL INTERPRETATION AIDS Atlases Spectral Subtraction Library Searching Expert Software Programs The Internet