Nonparametric statistics for non-statisticians: a step-by-step approach

Abstract

Preface. 1 Nonparametric Statistics: An Introduction. 1.1 Objectives. 1.2 Introduction. 1.3 The Nonparametric Statistical Procedures Presented in this Book. 1.4 Ranking Data. 1.5 Ranking Data with Tied Values. 1.6 Counts of Observations. 1.7 Summary. 1.8 Practice Questions. 1.9 Solutions to Practice Questions. 2 Testing Data for Normality. 2.1 Objectives. 2.2 Introduction. 2.3 Describing Data and the Normal Distribution. 2.4 Computing and Testing Kurtosis and Skewness for Sample Normality. 2.5 The Kolmogorov-Smirnov One-Sample Test. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 Practice Questions. 2.8 Solutions to Practice Questions. 3 Comparing Two Related Samples: The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. 3.1 Objectives. 3.2 Introduction. 3.3 Computing the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Statistic. 3.4 Examples from the Literature. 3.5 Summary. 3.6 Practice Questions. 3.7 Solutions to Practice Questions. 4 Comparing Two Unrelated Samples: The Mann-Whitney U -Test. 4.1 Objectives. 4.2 Introduction. 4.3 Computing the Mann-Whitney U -Test Statistic. 4.4 Examples from the Literature. 4.5 Summary. 4.6 Practice Questions. 4.7 Solutions to Practice Questions. 5 Comparing More Than Two Related Samples: The Friedman Test. 5.1 Objectives. 5.2 Introduction. 5.3 Computing the Friedman Test Statistic. 5.4 Examples from the Literature. 5.5 Summary. 5.6 Practice Questions. 5.7 Solutions to Practice Questions. 6 Comparing More than Two Unrelated Samples: The Kruskal-Wallis H -Test. 6.1 Objectives. 6.2 Introduction. 6.3 Computing the Kruskal-Wallis H -Test Statistic. 6.4 Examples from the Literature. 6.5 Summary. 6.6 Practice Questions. 6.7 Solutions to Practice Questions. 7 Comparing Variables of Ordinal or Dichotomous Scales: Spearman Rank-Order, Point-Biserial, and Biserial Correlations. 7.1 Objectives. 7.2 Introduction. 7.3 The Correlation Coefficient. 7.4 Computing the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. 7.5 Computing the Point-Biserial and Biserial Correlation Coefficients. 7.6 Examples from the Literature. 7.7 Summary. 7.8 Practice Questions. 7.9 Solutions to Practice Questions. 8 Tests for Nominal Scale Data: Chi-Square and Fisher Exact Test. 8.1 Objectives. 8.2 Introduction. 8.3 The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test. 8.4 The Chi-Square Test for Independence. 8.5 The Fisher Exact Test. 8.6 Examples from the Literature. 8.7 Summary. 8.8 Practice Questions. 8.9 Solutions to Practice Questions. 9 Test For Randomness: The Runs Test. 9.1 Objectives. 9.2 Introduction. 9.3 The Runs Test for Randomness. 9.4 Examples from the Literature. 9.5 Summary. 9.6 Practice Questions. 9.7 Solutions to Practice Questions. Appendix A: SPSS at a Glance. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Opening SPSS. A.3 Inputting Data. A.4 Analyzing Data. A.5 The SPSS Output. Appendix B: Tables of Critical Values. Table B.1: The Normal Distribution. Table B.2: The Chi-Square Distribution. Table B.3: Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Statistics, T . Table B.4: Critical Values for the Mann-Whitney U -Test Statistic. Table B.5: Critical Values for the Friedman Test Statistic, F r . Table B.6: The Critical Values for the Kruskal-Wallis H -Test Statistic. Table B.7: Critical Values for the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient, r s . Table B.8: Critical Values for the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, r. Table B.9: Factorials. Table B.10: Critical Values for the Runs Test for Randomness. Bibliography. Index.