Design and optimization of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of simvastatin aiming dissolution enhancement
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this work was to improve the in vitro dissolution of simvastatin through development of self-nanoemulsifying tablets. Various modified oils, surfactant and co-surfactant mixtures were used to prepare different self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) whose composition was optimized using drug-solubility, ternary phase diagram, system stability and droplet size distribution studies. Optimized SNEDDSs, with acceptable surfactant ratio, stability and particle size (nano-range) upon dilution with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) under gentle agitation conditions, were loaded onto microcrystalline cellulose and nano-size colloidal silicon dioxide powders using loading factor (Lf) = 0.2 and excipient ratio (R) = 20. Prepared powders were compressed into tablets and the in vitroperformance of the prepared self-nanoemulsifying tablets was investigated. Results revealed that systems with 10% relatively polar oils (C8), 60% Cremophore® RH 40 (surfactant), and 30% Transcutol® HP (co-surfactant), acquired good self-nanoemulsification properties either in liquid or tableted forms. Prepared self-nanoemulsifying tablets demonstrated significantly higher dissolution rates, compared to direct compression tablets (DCT) and marketed tablet (Zocor®). In conclusion, self-nanoemulsifying tablets were able to introduce simvastatin successfully in a unique immediate-release solid dosage form. Key words: Simvastatin, self-nanoemulsifying tablets, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), droplet size.
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The highest possible drug solubility in the oil phase is required to decrease the amount of oil used and thereby reduce the required amounts of surfactants that might cause toxicity problems.
“Furthermore, the highest possible solubility is required to decrease the amount of oil used, reducing the required amounts of surfactants that might determine toxicity problems [34].”
From Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery (2019) · cites this paper as [34]
The Solubility studies section says that an oil phase’s ability to dissolve the drug is a consideration in oil selection and reports testing simvastatin solubility in different oils (page not available). It does not say that higher solubility reduces the amount of oil or surfactant required, or discuss surfactant toxicity as the reason to do so. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Huyen, N. T., & Giang, V. T. T. (2023) · VNU Journal of Science Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4529 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Akbar, N. D., Nugroho, A. K., & Martono, S. (2021) · Majalah Farmasetika · doi:10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i5.35918 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kartiningsih, K., Damayanti, R., & Budiati, A. (2023) · Jurnal Pharmascience · doi:10.20527/jps.v10i1.13272 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wahyuningsih, I., Ambarwati, K., Hapsari, E. A., Fauziyyah, A., Ikhsanudin, A., Pertiwi, D. V., & Widyaningsih, W. (2020) · Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.22146/jfps.732
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Ainurofiq, A., Wiyono, N., Alkatiri, M. Q., Sari, A. P. F., & Choiri, S. (2026) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-026-02743-x
- Authors
- Mahmoud, H.
- Affiliations
- King Saud University (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Mahmoud, Hanaa
- Venue
- African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Academic Journals
- Published
- 2013-06-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 1482-1500
- ISSN
- 1996-0816 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119768665
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Keywords
- simvastatin, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, dissolution enhancement, ternary phase diagram, Transcutol HP, microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silica, tablet compression, droplet size, poorly water-soluble drugs
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