The descent of man : and selection in relation to sex

Abstract

These characters absent in the lowest classes-Brilliant colors -MoUusca-Annelids-Crustacea, secondary sexual characters strongly developed; dimorphism; color; characters not acquired before maturity-Spiders, sexual colors of; stridulation by the males-Myriapoda 257 CHAPTER X. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS OP INSECTS.Diversified structures possessed by the males for seizing the females-Differences between the sexes, of which the meaning is C CONTENTS.Page not understood-Difference in size between tiie sexes-Thysanura -Diptera-Hemiptera-Homoptera, musical powers possessed by the males alone-Orthoptera, musical instrumentsof the males, much diversified in structure; pugnacity; colors-NeuVoptera sex- ual differences in color-Hymenoptera, pugnacity and colors-Ooleoptera, colors; furnished with great horns, apparently as an ornament; battles; stridulating organs generally common to both sexes 272 CHAPTER XI.INSECTS, continued.-ORDERLEPIDOPTERA.(Butterflies and moths.)Courtship of butterflies-Battles-Ticking noise-Colors common to both sexes, or more brilliant in the males-Examples-Not due to the direct action of the conditions of life-Colors adapted for pro- Another work has (18C9) been published by Dr. Francesco Barrage, bearing in Italian the title of "Man made in the image of God, was "also made in the image of the ape." 2 Prof. Hackel was the only author who, at the time when this work first appeared, had discussed the subject of sexual selection, and had seen Its full importance, since the publication of the 'Origin' ; and this he did in a very able manner in his various works.eastern Africa catch the wild baboons by exposing vessels with strong beer, by which they are made drunk.He has seen some of these animals, which he kept in confinement, in this state; and he gives a laughable account of their behavior and strange grimaces.On the following morning they were very cross and dismal; they held their aching heads with both hands, and wore a most pitiable expression: when beer or wine was offered them, they turned away with disgust, but relished the juice of lemons.'An American monkey, an Ateles, after getting drunk on brandy, would never touch it again, and thus was wiser than many men.These trifling facts prove how similar the nerves of taste must be in monkeys and man, and how similarly their whole nervous system is affected.Man is Infested with internal parasites, sometimes causing fatal ' Dr. W. Laud&r Lindsay has treated this subject at some length in the 'Journal of Mental Science,' July, 1871; and in the 'Edinburgh Veterinary Review,' July, 1858.* A Reviewer has criticized ('British Quarterly Review,' Oct. 1st, 1871, p. 472) what I have here said with much severity and contempt; but as I do not use the term identity, I cannot see that I am greatly in error.There appears to me a strong analogy between the same infection or contagion producing the same result or one closely similar, in two distinct animals, and the testing of two distinct fluids by the same chemical reagent.= 'Naturgeschichte der Saugethiere von Paraguay,' 1830, a. 50." The same tastes are common to some animals much lower in the scale.Mr. A. Niools Informs me that he kept in Queensland, in Aus- tralia, three individuals of the Phaseolarctus cinereus; and that, with- out having been taught in any way, they acquired a strong taste for rum, and for smoking tobacco.' Brehm, 'Thierleben,' B. i. 1864, s. 75, 86.On the Ateles, s. 105.For Other analogous statements,, see s. 25, 107.'^S ome good criticisms on this subject have been given by Messrs. Murie and Mivart, in 'Transact.Zoolog-.Soc' 1869, vol.vii.p. 92.'^'Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication,' vol.li.pp.317 ajid 397.See also 'Orig-in of Species,' 6th edit.p. 535.20 For instance M. Richard ('Annales des Sciences Nat.' 3rd series, Zoolog.1852, tom.xviii.p. 13) describes and figures rudiments ol whathe calls the "muscle pedieux de la main," which he says is sometimes "Infiniment petit."Another muscle called "le tibial posterieur," is generally quite absent in the hand, but appears from time to time in a more or less rudimentary condition.'" 'The Diseases of the Ear," by J. Toynbee, P. R. S., 1S60, p-12.A distinguished physiologist.Prof. Preyer, informs me that he had lately been experimenting-on the function of the shell of the ear, and has come to nearly the same conclusion as that given here.