The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 45 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching 🇵🇱 🇷🇴
Open accessAbstract
Graduate students experience heightened levels of stress, compromising their well-being and predisposing them to mental health disorders. Graduate students are over six times more likely to experience depression and anxiety than the general population. Despite the presence of counseling services on college and university campuses, graduate students are less likely to access these services and more prone to utilize alternative institutional supports (i.e., faculty advisors or peer counselors). This pilot study assessed the effectiveness of a six-week solution focused wellness (SFW) group intervention with a graduate program cohort using a pre-post, mixed-methods design. A total of twenty-seven (N = 27) participants were included in the study. Results demonstrated significant differences in well-being, mental health, and perceived wellness between baseline and six-weeks for both the cohort group (n = 9) and the general wellness group (n = 18). ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences for well-being and perceived wellness indicating that the cohort group improved more across wellness-specific variables. Three primary themes emerged from the qualitative data including: awareness of wellness needs, peer support, and multidimensional wellness. The aggregated results support the effectiveness of a cohort approach to graduate student wellness group implementation. Polish (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1i5vZm2QRKOiZcfxklOYRq5O2rczq4vey/view?usp=drive_link) Romanian (https://drive.google.com/file/d/18u8iXxksKznZzfWXp1xZFK5I4dhkn-XG/view?usp=drive_link)
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This pilot pre-post mixed-methods study assessed a six-week web-based solution-focused wellness group for graduate students, comparing a cohort group (n = 9) with a general graduate wellness group (n = 18). Both groups improved on well-being, mental health, and perceived wellness, and the cohort group showed greater improvement on well-being and perceived wellness.
Key findings
- Among the cohort group (n = 9), significant pre-post improvements were found for well-being (M = 18.77 to 22.67; t = 5.75, p < .01), mental health (M = 8.00 to 6.56; t = 2.39, p < .05), and perceived wellness (M = 166.22 to 174.22; t = 3.05, p < .05); no significant changes were found for life satisfaction or happiness.
- The general wellness group (n = 18) also improved on well-being (M = 17.06 to 18.83; t = 2.45, p < .05), mental health (M = 8.27 to 6.83; t = 3.42, p < .05), and perceived wellness (M = 155.28 to 159.28; t = 3.53, p < .01).
- ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences for well-being, F(1, 24) = 2.04, p < .01, with a reported large effect (ηp² = .521), and perceived wellness, F(1, 24) = 2.84, p < .01, with a reported large effect (ηp² = .105), indicating the cohort group improved more across wellness-specific variables.
- Qualitative interviews (n = 7; 78% of the cohort group) produced three themes: awareness of wellness needs, peer support, and multidimensional wellness; inter-rater reliability was 90%, 90%, and 80% respectively.
Methods
- Pre-post, mixed-methods pilot design; 36 participants were recruited, and 27 were analyzed after attrition (cohort wellness group n = 9 from the same master-level program; general graduate wellness group n = 18 from various master and doctoral programs, separated into two groups). No control group was used; all 27 participants received the intervention.
- Intervention: six consecutive weekly 60-minute web-based group sessions, each themed on a wellness domain, delivered through solution-focused coaching techniques; facilitators were Master’s degree clinicians trained and supervised, with fidelity checklists yielding a self-reported mean of 6.8 and 6.7 for two recorded sessions as assessed by a licensed clinician.
- Measures included the SWLS, WHO-5, SHS, PWS, and PHQ-4; analysis used paired samples t-tests, ANCOVA with pre-intervention scores as covariates, and Applied Thematic Analysis of semi-structured interviews.
Limitations
- Stated: the small cohort intervention sample (n = 9) limits generalizability; as a pilot study, future work should include multiple cohorts, multiple institutions and locations, varying cohort sizes, and longitudinal follow-up.
- Stated: potential social desirability bias may be heightened by having peers as fellow participants; the pre-post mixed-methods design did not include longitudinal follow-up assessments.
- Evident from the text: no control group was utilized; attrition was 9 participants, and dropouts scored significantly lower on pretest life satisfaction, t(2.87), p < .05; the qualitative interview sample was small (n = 7).
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17 Sources not found · 16 Own result · 14 Own method · 14 Own interpretation · 6 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Check pending · 1 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, significant differences were found for the general wellness group (n = 18) over time for well-being (pre M = 17.06,SD = 4.52, post M = 18.83,SD = 3.99) t(2.45), p <.05”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plainn = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mental health (pre M = 8.27, SD = 3.01, post M = 6.83,SD = 2.35) t(3.42), p <.05”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plainn = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants indicated that one of the benefits gained through participation in the graduate wellness group was the increased awareness of needs related to wellness.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
hedgeddirectn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, a significant difference was identified for perceived wellness (PWS) F(1, 24) = 2.84), p <.01 with a large effect size (np 2 =.105).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results demonstrated a significant difference between baseline (M = 18.77,SD = 3.77) and six weeks (M = 22.67, SD = 4.00); t(5.75), p <.01 for well-being”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
boostedn = 9 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Peer support emerged as another primary theme, also occurring eleven times across interview transcriptions.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and perceived wellness (pre M = 155.28,SD = 25.43,post M = 159.28,SD = 25.37)t(3.53), p <.01”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plainn = 18 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lack of significant change for happiness or satisfaction with life for both the cohort and general wellness groups”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The final theme that emerged from the data related to the understanding of wellness as a multidimensional construct.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mental health (pre M = 8.00, SD = 2.55; post M = 6.56,SD = 1.94); t(2.39), p <.05”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plainn = 9 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 29
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 22
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“ANCOVA revealed significant between-group differences for well-being (WHO-5) F(1, 24) = 2.04, p < .01.”
- Also stated in: § Quantitative · plain
“a large effect size (np 2 = .521)was detected.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Quantitative · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Significant improvements were detected for both the general and cohort groups in well-being, mental health, and perceived wellness.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results demonstrated significant differences in well-being, mental health, and perceived wellness between baseline and six-weeks for both the cohort group (n = 9) and the general wellness group (n = 18).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Abstract
boostedn = 27- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Graduate students experience heightened levels of stress, compromising their well-being and predisposing them to mental health disorders.”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
“Stress compromises graduate students' overall well-being and predisposes them to mental health disorders (Evans et al., 2018;Mousavi et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Abstract
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · plain
In the paper
“Specifically related to college students, Grim et al. (2011) emphasized that web-based interventions may be a promising means of facilitating behavior change.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Web-Based Intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Grim et al., 2011 source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Among the seven interview participants this theme was indicated eleven times throughout the semi-structured interviews, and inter-rater reliability was 90% among qualitative reviewers.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“group size falls within the recommendations for optimum group intervention size (Ezhumalai et al., 2018)”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Limitations
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ezhumalai et al., 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Likert scale fidelity checklists were completed by facilitators at the end of each session, and the supervising licensed clinician reviewed two recorded sessions.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, consistent among these evidence-based models is the understanding that wellness is a multidimensional construct, integrating domains such as physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual wellness (Beauchemin, et al. 2020).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Wellness
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin, et al. 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Graduate programs can be more competitive and less structured (Hyun et al.;Okahana & Zhou, 2017), requiring students to be selfmotivated and able to manage stress successfully (Hyun et al.;Mousavi et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hyun et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Okahana & Zhou, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mousavi et al., 2018 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The self-reported mean fidelity score was 6.8 for intervention facilitators, and a slightly lower 6.7 for the two recorded sessions as assessed by a licensed clinician.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Many campuses have existing programs that advocate for physical and mental wellness and promote stress management, although most of these wellness initiatives focus specifically on undergraduate student needs (Mousavi et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Mousavi et al., 2018 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Research has indicated that satisfaction with life and subjective happiness are used interchangeably and represent components of subjective wellbeing (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Study Design
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This may be particularly important given the brevity of the intervention, as there is not adequate time for the traditional group development processes and dynamics that typify traditional therapeutic treatment groups.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Although most evidence-based wellness interventions utilize a psycho-educational approach, findings have shown that clinical counseling and coaching methods can be effective in facilitating wellness-based lifestyle change (Beauchemin et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Solution-Focused Coaching
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin et al., 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In other words, because this is not clinical group therapy, it is feasible that the SFW group could be facilitated by non-clinicians.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, a significant difference was detected for satisfaction with life t(2.87),p <.05 indicating that those who dropped out tended to score lower on pretest assessment of life satisfaction.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Participants
hedgedcorrelationaln = 9 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the SFW model utilizes a “coaching” approach to facilitation in which the group leaders follow an outline and adhere to specific intervention guidelines and techniques, there is the potential that the intervention could be more easily adopted.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“SFC has been successfully applied to health and wellness for teens (McPherson et al., 2019), college students (Pakrosnis & Cepukiene, 2015), and adults (Grant et al., 2009;Tkacova et al., 2020).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Solution-Focused Coaching
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This is consistent with literature that links social support with mental health and wellness (e.g., Hefner & Eisenberg, 2009) and supports findings related to web-based group health interventions and social connectedness and support (Banbury et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hefner & Eisenberg, 2009 source
- Not matchedcites Banbury et al., 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In addition to familial and financial burdens, graduate students experience”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mousavi et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Despite the presence of counseling services on college and university campuses, graduate students are less likely to access these services and more prone to utilize alternative institutional supports (i.e., faculty advisors or peer counselors).”
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
“Despite the presence of counseling services on campus, graduate students are still more likely to utilize alternative institutional supports like faculty advisors or peer counselors (Hyun et al., 2006).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hyun et al., 2006 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Introduction · hedged
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Based on this understanding, interventions that incorporate strategies for enhancing personal wellness across multiple domains may be an effective approach to improving student holistic health and well-being (Beauchemin, et al.) in both in-person and web-based formats (Beauchemin et al., 2018).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Wellness
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin, et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin et al., 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“SFC can be utilized for individuals and groups (Green et al., 2006;Sharry, 2007), and has demonstrated effectiveness in both face-to-face and web-based contexts (Novella et al., 2020).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Solution-Focused Coaching
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Green et al., 2006 source
- Not matchedcites Sharry, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Novella et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Given the barriers that exist for college students in help-seeking, this emphasis may be destigmatizing and increase accessibility to support systems.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research team members coded this theme with 90% reliability.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Research demonstrates that web-based interventions offer both utility and positive effects on outcomes of interest (Murray, 2012).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Web-Based Intervention
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Murray, 2012 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This finding reflects the many evidence-based models of wellness that integrate various domains such as social, physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual (Roscoe, 2009), including the solution-focused wellness (SFW) model that guided the intervention for this pilot study.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Roscoe, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are also potential limitations that may be specific to a cohort, such as social desirability bias that could be heightened by having peers as fellow participants.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Limitations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The small sample size for the cohort intervention group (n = 9) limits the generalizability of the data such that findings should be interpreted with caution.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Limitations
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While support groups for graduate students are common on university campuses (e.g., Gold et al., 2020)”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gold et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By increasing one's awareness and understanding of wellness as a construct, individuals can address needs specific to given domains by operationalizing related wellness behaviors.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plaindirectn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, studies show that web-based interventions can increase physical activity rates among participants, particularly when interventions integrate theory-based interactive components (Steele et al., 2007;Ferney & Marshall, 2006).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Web-Based Intervention
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Steele et al., 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Ferney & Marshall, 2006
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Consequently, graduate students are a particularly vulnerable population with an increased risk for suicidality, selfinjury, other major illness, and death (Evans et al., 2018;Mousavi et al.;Smith et al., 2013).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Introduction
What the sources say
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It may be that wellness-focused constructs are more susceptible to change based on lifestyle factors, while happiness and satisfaction with life are more trait-oriented constructs that are less flexible.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The SFW intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving wellness and decreasing stress with both undergraduate and graduate groups that integrate students from different academic programs (Beauchemin, 2018;Beauchemin et al., 2020).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin, 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Beauchemin et al., 2020
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Lifestyle behaviors coupled with chronic, unmanaged stress can adversely impact individuals' health and well-being, potentially leading to mental health disorders and, ultimately, premature death (Smith et al., 2013).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Wellness
What the sources say
- Check pendingcites Smith et al., 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“While undergraduate and graduate students have equal access to on-campus direct clinical services (i.e., crisis management, individual and group counseling), many campus-wide wellness and mental health activities often fail to acknowledge and address the unique academic experiences and needs of graduate students (Mousavi et al.).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Mousavi et al.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This finding, paired with the qualitative data, supports the group's utility in increasing awareness of multidimensional wellness needs, underscores the benefit of peer supports, and provides initial evidence of the effectiveness of a cohort approach to intervention administration.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The subjective and personal nature of wellness coupled with an approach that integrates a social constructivist lens encouraged individuals to construct their wellness in alignment with their values and culture.”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Wellness is subjective and personal in nature.
In the paper
“Web-based interventions offer clients and research participants a level of convenience, accessibility, and privacy that cannot be provided in face-to-face interactions (Murray).”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Web-Based Intervention
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Murray
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This individualized conceptualization supports the subjectivity and fluidity of wellness and is consistent with the solution-focused wellness (SFW) model, which emphasizes a personalized interpretation of what it means to”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Qualitative
plaincorrelationaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Graduate students are over six times more likely to experience depression and anxiety than the general population.
“Graduate students are over six times more likely to experience depression and anxiety than the general population.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A solution-focused approach enables individual conceptualization of wellness relevant to personal values, culture, lived experiences, and perception of wellbeing.
“A solution-focused approach enables individual conceptualization of wellness relevant to personal values, culture, lived experiences, and perception of wellbeing.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Happiness, satisfaction with life, and well-being are constructs that theoretically should be highly correlated with personal wellness.
“Specifically, measures were included to assess participant happiness, satisfaction with life, and wellbeing, constructs that theoretically should be highly correlated with personal wellness.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The SFW intervention can be delivered in an individual or group context.
“The SFW intervention can be delivered in an individual or group context.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is a paucity of research examining the effectiveness of supports specific to academic cohorts.
“there is a paucity of research examining the effectiveness of supports specific to academic cohorts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Wellness is subjective and personal in nature.
“The subjective and personal nature of wellness coupled with an approach that integrates a social constructivist lens encouraged individuals to construct their wellness in alignment with their values and culture.”
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“F(1, 24) = 2.04, p < .01”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
Reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .166
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upF(1, 24) = 2.04reported p < .01 · recomputed p = .166The two fall on opposite sides of .05
“F(1, 24) = 2.04, p < .01”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
“F(1, 24) = 2.04”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
“a large effect size (np 2 = .521)was detected.”
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
“F(1, 24) = 2.04”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Quantitative
“p < .01”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Limitations
“| Mental Health (PHQ9) | 8.00 | 6.56 | 2.39 | .044 |”
§ A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group A Pilot Study of a Cohort-Based Solution-Focused Wellness Group for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching for Graduate Students Using Solution-Focused Coaching > Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4)
“The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) is a 4-item inventory rated on a 4-point Likert-style scale.”
Citations
Cites
Using thematic analysis in psychology
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006) · Qualitative Research in Psychology · doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa · Cited by 194,414
An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ–4
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2009) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70864-3 · Cited by 4,261
Recommended effect size statistics for repeated measures designs
Bakeman, R. A. (2005) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03192707 · Cited by 1,813
Evidence for a mental health crisis in graduate education
Evans, T. M., Bira, L., Gastelum, J. B., Weiss, L. T., & Vanderford, N. L. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4089 · Cited by 1,441
Wang, P. S., Berglund, P., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.603 · Cited by 1,325
Social support and mental health among college students.
Hefner, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2009) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/a0016918 · Cited by 810
Adams, T. B., Bezner, J. R., & Steinhardt, M. A. (1997) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-11.3.208 · Cited by 545
Solution‐Focused Brief Therapy: A Review of the Outcome Research*
Gingerich, W. J., & Eisengart, S. P. (2000) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2000.39408.x · Cited by 424
Grant, A. M., Curtayne, L., & Burton, G. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760902992456 · Cited by 399
Cognitive-behavioral, solution-focused life coaching: Enhancing goal striving, well-being, and hope
Green, L. S., Oades, L. G., & Grant, A. M. (2006) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760600619849 · Cited by 296
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- Adams, T., Bezner, J., Garner, L., & Woodruff, S. (1998). Construct validation of the perceived wellness survey. American Journal of Health Studies, 14(4), 212. Journal of Solution Focused Practices, Vol. 6 [2022], Iss. 1, Art. 2 https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/journalsfp/vol6/iss1/2
- James D. Beauchemin, Danya K. Krueger, Jennie Newman, & Paul Beitelspacher Solution-Focused Wellness Journal of Solution Focused Practices -9
- Babayigit, A., & Okray, Z. (2018). Review of the relationship between depression and life satisfaction among university students. Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues, 8(3), 117-128.
- Banbury, A., Nancarrow, S., Dart, J., Gray, L., & Parkinson, L. (2018). Telehealth interventions delivering home- based support group videoconferencing: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(2), e25.
- Beauchemin, J. D. (2018). Solution-focused wellness: A randomized controlled trial of college students. Health & Social Work, 43(2), 94-100.
- Beauchemin, J., Gibbs, T., & Granello, P. (2018). Wellness promotion courses in University Settings: A Review of the Outcome Research. Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 2(1).
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum.
- Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Ferney, S. L., & Marshall, A. L. (2006). Website physical activity interventions: Preferences of potential users. Health Education Research, 21(4), 560-566.
- Gold, J. A., Jia, L., Bentzley, J. P., Bonnet, K. A., Franciscus, A. M., Denduluri, M. S., & Zappert, L. T. (2020). WISE: A support group for graduate and post-graduate women in STEM. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1-35.
- James D. Beauchemin, Danya K. Krueger, Jennie Newman, & Paul Beitelspacher Solution-Focused Wellness Journal of Solution Focused Practices -10 Counseling Psychologist, 9(1), 36-44.
- Lucas, R. E., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007). How stable is happiness? Using the STARTS model to estimate the stability of life satisfaction. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(5), 1091-1098.
- Mazurek Melnyk, B., Hoying, J., & Tan, A. (2020). Effects of the MINDSTRONG© CBT-based program on depression, anxiety and healthy lifestyle behaviors in graduate health sciences students. Journal of American College Health, 1-9.
- Myers, J. E., & Sweeney, T. J. (2004). The indivisible self: An evidence-based model of wellness. Journal of Individual Psychology, 60, 234-244.
- Nemati, S., & Maralani, F. M. (2016). The relationship between life satisfaction and happiness: The mediating role of resiliency. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 8(3), 194-201.
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Beauchemin, J. D., & Marlow, J. (2026) · Social Work in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15332985.2026.2687639
Self-citationBan, D. P. (2026) · International journal of evidence based coaching and mentoring · doi:10.1177/17418305261461880
Metadata
- Authors
- Beauchemin, J., Krueger, D., Newman, J., & Beitelspacher, P.
- Affiliations
- Boise State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Solution Focused Practices
- Published
- 2022-07-18
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2203-6784 (ISSN-L)
- 2831-3747
- 2831-3739
- OpenAlex
- W4382045528
- Semantic Scholar
- 802430462984a3eae87300fd1ef5b443054ebc58
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of solution-focused brief therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Problem Solving Skills Development
- Social Sciences › Education › Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions
- Keywords
- graduate students, student well-being, solution-focused coaching, mental health, stress, depression, anxiety, peer support, perceived wellness, access to counseling services
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
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