Ecology of Salmonids in Estuaries around the World: Adaptations, Habitats, and Conservation
Abstract
For centuries, biologists have marvelled at how anadromous salmonids – fish that pass from rivers into oceans and back again – survive as they migrate between these two very different environments. Yet, relatively little is understood about what happens to salmonid species (including salmon, steelhead, char, and trout) in the estuaries where they make this transition from fresh to salt water. This book explains the critical role estuaries play in salmonid survival. Ecology of Salmonids in Estuaries around the World synthesizes information from a vast array of literature, to describe the specific adaptation of eighteen anadromous salmonids in four genera (Hucho, Oncorhynchus, Salmo, and Salvelinus) explain the ecological relationships between anadromous salmonids, the fish they coexist with, and their estuarine habitat discuss key fitness elements salmonids need for survival (including those relating to osmoregulation, growth and feeding mechanisms, and biotic interactions) provide guidance on how to conduct estuarine sampling and scientific aspects of management and recovery plans offer directions for future research. The critical reference is further enhanced by extensive supplementary appendices that are available online, including data tables, additional references on estuarine salmonids, and a primer on estuaries and salmonids for citizen scientists.
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These two prey types typically dominate the diets of juvenile Chinook Salmon in West Coast estuaries from Alaska to California, including the CRE.
“These two prey types typically dominate the diets of juvenile Chinook Salmon in West Coast estuaries from Alaska to California (Chittenden et al. 2010;David et al. 2014;Levings 2016;Miller et al. 2020), including the CRE (Dawley et al. 1986;Kidd et al. 2019).”
From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Levings 2016
Many studies have measured the growth of juvenile salmon (primarily subyearlings) in estuaries, with reported rates ranging between 0.2 and 2.0 mm/d.
“Many studies have measured the growth of juvenile salmon (primarily subyearlings) in estuaries, with reported rates ranging between 0.2 and 2.0 mm/d (Miller and Simenstad 1997;Goertler et al. 2016;Levings 2016;Moore et al. 2016;Chalifour et al. 2021).”
From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Levings 2016
Stomach fullness estimates (0.64% BW for steelhead; 1.05% BW for Chinook Salmon) are similar in magnitude to those from other estuaries but somewhat below those reported for marine waters.
“Limited data that are directly comparable indicate that our estimates (0.64% BW for steelhead; 1.05% BW for Chinook Salmon) are similar in magnitude to those from other estuaries (e.g., 0.4-1.9%BW; Miller and Simenstad 1997;Levings 2016;Miller et al. 2020) but somewhat below those reported for marine waters (0.9-2.0%BW; Weitkamp and Sturdevant 2008;Daly et al. 2011Daly et al. , 2014;;Beamish 2018)”
From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Levings 2016
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Sorted by citations
Weitkamp, L. A., Beckman, B. R., Van Doornik, D. M., Munguia, A., Hunsicker, M., & Journey, M. (2022) · Transactions of the American Fisheries Society · doi:10.1002/tafs.10376 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Levings, C. D.
- Corresponding author
- Levings, Colin D.
- ORCID
- Levings, Colin D.
- Venue
- University of British Columbia Press eBooks
- Publisher
- University of British Columbia Press
- Published
- 2016-08-03
- OpenAlex
- W2540870218
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- University of British Columbia Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
- Keywords
- anadromous salmonids, estuaries, salmon migration, steelhead, trout, char, Oncorhynchus, Salmo, Salvelinus, osmoregulation, estuarine habitat, citizen science
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