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Cited by 1International Relations and Foreign PolicyAsian Culture and Media StudiesEuropean Cultural and National Identity

Cultural Soft Power: Indonesia’s Diplomacy Strategy through Music, Film, and Culinary Arts

Open access
Nurjanah, Nurjanah·2025·Kamara Journal
DOI 10.62872/kj.v2i3.476
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Abstract

This article analyzes Indonesia’s cultural soft power strategy through three interconnected sectors: music, film, and culinary arts. Using a qualitative cultural diplomacy analysis, the study examines how these cultural expressions shape Indonesia’s international image and contribute to its diplomatic objectives. Findings indicate that music diplomacy strengthens people-to-people relations through festivals and artistic collaborations, while film diplomacy enhances cultural familiarity and projects narrative identity across borders. Culinary diplomacy complements these efforts by leveraging gastrodiplomacy initiatives such as Indonesia Spice Up the World to introduce Indonesian flavors globally. However, the research also identifies structural fragmentation and inconsistent branding that weaken Indonesia’s cultural influence compared with regional competitors. The study concludes that integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework is essential for enhancing Indonesia’s soft power and establishing a unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

The article argues that Indonesia’s cultural soft power is advanced through music, film, and culinary diplomacy, with music festivals, film narratives, and gastrodiplomacy programs such as Indonesia Spice Up the World building international visibility and people-to-people ties. It concludes that structural fragmentation and inconsistent branding limit impact, so the three sectors should be integrated into a coherent cultural diplomacy framework.

Key findings

  • Music diplomacy strengthens people-to-people relations through festivals and artistic collaborations, with the Prambanan Jazz Festival cited as a cultural bridge that promotes heritage and music tourism.
  • Film diplomacy enhances cultural familiarity and projects narrative identity across borders, drawing on global precedents such as Bollywood and the Korean Wave, though Indonesian film faces limited international distribution and strong regional competition.
  • Culinary diplomacy complements these efforts through gastrodiplomacy initiatives such as Indonesia Spice Up the World, promoting Indonesian cuisine in locations including Australia and Toronto/Canada.
  • The study identifies structural fragmentation and inconsistent branding as factors that weaken Indonesia’s cultural influence compared with regional competitors, and it concludes that integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive framework is essential for stronger soft power.

Methods

  • Qualitative cultural diplomacy analysis using interpretive, meaning-centered, and discourse-based approaches.
  • Data are derived from scholarly literature, policy documents, cultural diplomacy reports, and empirical studies focusing on Indonesian soft power initiatives.
  • Analysis employs thematic coding and interpretive synthesis to identify patterns related to cultural messaging, audience reception, and diplomatic impact.

Limitations

  • The paper does not state an explicit limitations section; it discusses fragmentation, branding inconsistency, and competition as substantive challenges rather than methodological limitations.
  • Evident from the text: the study relies on secondary literature, policy documents, reports, and prior empirical studies, with no primary data collection or direct audience-reception measurement described.
  • Evident from the text: no systematic sampling or case-selection criteria are reported for the literature and documents analyzed.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.62872/kj.v2i3.476

Cites

0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 26 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Music diplomacy strengthens people-to-people relations through festivals and artistic collaborations.

    “Findings indicate that music diplomacy strengthens people-to-people relations through festivals and artistic collaborations”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Culinary diplomacy complements music and film efforts by leveraging gastrodiplomacy initiatives such as Indonesia Spice Up the World to introduce Indonesian flavors globally.

    “Culinary diplomacy complements these efforts by leveraging gastrodiplomacy initiatives such as Indonesia Spice Up the World to introduce Indonesian flavors globally.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingnone given

    Indonesian embassies and cultural centers increasingly organize music-centered initiatives that promote traditional instruments such as gamelan, angklung, and sasando.

    “Indonesian embassies and cultural centers increasingly organize music-centered initiatives that promote traditional instruments such as gamelan, angklung, and sasando.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Indonesia is increasingly adopting culturally driven strategies that enhance international engagement by leveraging emotional connection, sensory experience, and narrative identity.

    “Analysis across the three sectors demonstrates that Indonesia is increasingly adopting culturally driven strategies that enhance international engagement by leveraging emotional connection, sensory experience, and narrative identity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Premisecitation

    Gastrodiplomacy is most effective when it engages multiple senses and evokes emotional connections that strengthen cultural memory.

    “Studies show that gastrodiplomacy is most effective when it engages multiple senses and evokes emotional connections that strengthen cultural memory (Untari et al., 2024).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Untari et al., 2024

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 23
  • May combine two claims. 22

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    International recognition of Indonesian music remains limited because global algorithms, media distribution systems, and entertainment networks tend to privilege already dominant cultural producers.

    “Third, international recognition of Indonesian music remains limited, as global algorithms, media distribution systems, and entertainment networks tend to privilege already dominant cultural producers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Both film and culinary diplomacy possess distinct advantages that contribute to Indonesia's soft power projection, yet both face structural limitations that require strategic refinement.

    “The table demonstrates that both film and culinary diplomacy possess distinct advantages that contribute to Indonesia's soft power projection, yet both face structural limitations that require strategic refinement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Indonesia's cultural initiatives often operate independently without integrated strategic frameworks, creating fragmented international messaging.

    “First, the country's cultural initiatives often operate independently without integrated strategic frameworks, creating fragmented international messaging.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Film diplomacy benefits from strong narrative potential but faces competition from established cultural industries.

    “Film diplomacy benefits from strong narrative potential but faces competition from established cultural industries, while culinary diplomacy enjoys strong cultural resonance but struggles with branding fragmentation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Indonesian music has not yet achieved the transnational ubiquity of Korean pop culture, but emerging collaborations suggest an upward trajectory in cultural outreach.

    “While Indonesian music has not yet achieved the transnational ubiquity of Korean pop culture, emerging collaborations between Indonesian artists and international platforms suggest an upward trajectory in cultural outreach.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    Culinary diplomacy enjoys strong cultural resonance but struggles with branding fragmentation.

    “Film diplomacy benefits from strong narrative potential but faces competition from established cultural industries, while culinary diplomacy enjoys strong cultural resonance but struggles with branding fragmentation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Film diplomacy enhances cultural familiarity and projects narrative identity across borders.

    “while film diplomacy enhances cultural familiarity and projects narrative identity across borders”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Indonesia faces competition from countries with more established cultural industries, including South Korea, Japan, and India, whose music sectors benefit from strong government support and global marketing infrastructure.

    “Second, Indonesia faces competition from countries with more established cultural industries, including South Korea, Japan, and India, whose music sectors benefit from strong government support and global marketing infrastructure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Music diplomacy has become one of the most dynamic components of Indonesia's cultural soft power strategy.

    “Music diplomacy has become one of the most dynamic components of Indonesia's cultural soft power strategy”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Music, film, and culinary arts constitute powerful components of Indonesia's cultural soft power, each contributing uniquely to the nation's diplomatic visibility and global cultural resonance.

    “This study shows that music, film, and culinary arts constitute powerful components of Indonesia's cultural soft power, each contributing uniquely to the nation's diplomatic visibility and global cultural resonance.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The combined potential of music, film, and culinary sectors lies in their ability to project a cohesive narrative of Indonesian identity that resonates across cultural boundaries.

    “While each cultural sector possesses unique strengths and operates within distinct audience networks, their combined potential lies in their ability to project a cohesive narrative of Indonesian identity that resonates across cultural boundaries.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Prambanan Jazz Festival strengthens music tourism and enhances Indonesia's image as a vibrant cultural destination.

    “Studies show that the festival strengthens music tourism and enhances Indonesia's image as a vibrant cultural destination, particularly during the pandemic and post-pandemic years when cultural events were instrumental in restoring social connectivity and international attention (Inaya, 2024).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Inaya, 2024

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The pairing of global artists with Indonesian performers fosters cultural hybridity and presents Indonesia as an inclusive cultural hub.

    “The pairing of global artists with Indonesian performers fosters cultural hybridity and presents Indonesia as an inclusive cultural hub capable of hosting globally relevant artistic collaborations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Fragmentation of cultural initiatives across multiple agencies weakens policy coherence and reduces diplomatic impact.

    “First, the fragmentation of cultural initiatives across multiple agencies weakens policy coherence and reduces diplomatic impact.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Culinary diplomacy operates through sensory experience and cultural symbolism, offering a powerful means of communicating national identity through food traditions, flavors, and gastronomy-based storytelling.

    “Similarly, culinary diplomacy operates through sensory experience and cultural symbolism, offering a powerful means of communicating national identity through food traditions, flavors, and gastronomy-based storytelling.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Music diplomacy, film diplomacy, and culinary diplomacy naturally intersect in contemporary cultural ecosystems, creating opportunities for cross-sector collaboration that enhances Indonesia's cultural visibility.

    “Music diplomacy, film diplomacy, and culinary diplomacy naturally intersect in contemporary cultural ecosystems, creating opportunities for cross-sector collaboration that enhances Indonesia's cultural visibility.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Indonesia's cultural industries lag behind in distribution networks, marketing systems, and international partnerships.

    “Global competition requires not only content quality but also strong distribution networks, marketing systems, and international partnerships, areas where Indonesia's cultural industries continue to lag behind.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The combined influence of film and culinary diplomacy reinforces Indonesia's cultural visibility, strengthens its international engagement, and shapes global perceptions of the nation as a culturally vibrant and diplomatically relevant actor.

    “Their combined influence reinforces Indonesia's cultural visibility, strengthens its international engagement, and shapes global perceptions of the nation as a culturally vibrant and diplomatically relevant actor.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Film and culinary diplomacy represent two strategic sectors through which Indonesia extends its cultural soft power in global contexts.

    “Film and culinary diplomacy represent two strategic sectors through which Indonesia extends its cultural soft power in global contexts.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Such alignment ensures that foreign audiences encounter Indonesia through a multifaceted yet harmonized set of cultural touchpoints, strengthening the emotional and symbolic impact of Indonesia's soft power projection.

    “Such alignment ensures that foreign audiences encounter Indonesia through a multifaceted yet harmonized set of cultural touchpoints, strengthening the emotional and symbolic impact of Indonesia's soft power projection.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisereasoning

    Indonesian film diplomacy draws inspiration from global precedents such as Bollywood and the Korean Wave, which successfully leveraged cinematic narratives to build cultural affinity and promote national identity abroad.

    “Indonesian film diplomacy draws inspiration from global precedents such as Bollywood and the Korean Wave, which successfully leveraged cinematic narratives to build cultural affinity and promote national identity abroad.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Culinary diplomacy initiatives introduce new audiences to Indonesian flavors and strengthen perceptions of Indonesia as a culturally rich and gastronomically diverse nation.

    “These initiatives not only introduce new audiences to Indonesian flavors but also strengthen perceptions of Indonesia as a culturally rich and gastronomically diverse nation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework is essential for enhancing Indonesia's soft power and establishing a unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems.

    “The study concludes that integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework is essential for enhancing Indonesia's soft power and establishing a unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: A unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems is achievable and desirable.
    • Rests on an assumption: Integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework is possible.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Indonesia is still developing consolidated branding strategies, robust marketing networks, and coordinated international outreach.

    “Research shows that countries with strong cultural industries benefit from consolidated branding strategies, robust marketing networks, and coordinated international outreach, elements that Indonesia is still developing (Destiviani & Azmawati, 2025).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Destiviani & Azmawati, 2025

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    When integrated with music diplomacy and broader creative economy initiatives, film and culinary sectors form a cohesive framework that enhances Indonesia's soft power presence within an increasingly competitive global cultural environment.

    “When integrated with music diplomacy and broader creative economy initiatives, these sectors form a cohesive framework that enhances Indonesia's soft power presence within an increasingly competitive global cultural environment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Taken together, film and culinary diplomacy serve as key extensions of Indonesia's cultural soft power strategy.

    “Taken together, film and culinary diplomacy serve as key extensions of Indonesia's cultural soft power strategy.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    Indonesia's cultural diplomacy can benefit from a multi-modal approach that presents cultural identity through interconnected artistic expressions.

    “This suggests that Indonesia's cultural diplomacy can benefit from a multi-modal approach that presents cultural identity through interconnected artistic expressions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Film-based exchanges between Japan and Korea and Indonesia significantly enhance cross-cultural familiarity and foster emotional resonance among viewers, which in turn strengthens diplomatic relations.

    “Studies comparing Japanese and Korean cultural diplomacy toward Indonesia reveal that film-based exchanges significantly enhance cross-cultural familiarity and foster emotional resonance among viewers, which in turn strengthens diplomatic relations (Islamiyah et al., 2020).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Islamiyah et al., 2020

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Achieving coherence requires strategic alignment across cultural initiatives so that music festivals, film productions, and culinary campaigns collectively reinforce an integrated cultural brand.

    “Achieving this coherence requires strategic alignment across cultural initiatives so that music festivals, film productions, and culinary campaigns collectively reinforce an integrated cultural brand.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    A robust cultural soft power framework depends on institutional coherence, narrative unity, and sustained cultural investment, enabling Indonesia to assert its cultural presence more confidently within the competitive landscape of global cultural diplomacy.

    “A robust cultural soft power framework depends on institutional coherence, narrative unity, and sustained cultural investment, enabling Indonesia to assert its cultural presence more confidently within the competitive landscape of global cultural diplomacy.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The effectiveness of music, film, and culinary sectors depends on Indonesia's ability to integrate them into a unified and coherent cultural diplomacy framework capable of projecting a strong and consistent national identity across global audiences.

    “However, while these sectors hold considerable diplomatic potential, their effectiveness depends on Indonesia's ability to integrate them into a unified and coherent cultural diplomacy framework capable of projecting a strong and consistent national identity across global audiences.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Effective soft power projection requires unified strategic oversight that aligns cultural messaging across ministries, cultural agencies, creative economy sectors, and diaspora communities.

    “Effective soft power projection requires unified strategic oversight that aligns cultural messaging across ministries, cultural agencies, creative economy sectors, and diaspora communities.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Korean and Thai cultural diplomacy models illustrate how centralized coordination and multi-track diplomacy enhance cultural soft power.

    “The Korean and Thai cultural diplomacy models illustrate how centralized coordination and multi-track diplomacy enhance cultural soft power.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Integrating music, film, and culinary diplomacy into a cohesive soft power strategy presents Indonesia with substantial opportunities to strengthen national identity, global visibility, and international influence.

    “In sum, integrating music, film, and culinary diplomacy into a cohesive soft power strategy presents Indonesia with substantial opportunities to strengthen national identity, global visibility, and international influence.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The convergence of music, film, and culinary expressions produces a multidimensional narrative of Indonesian culture that is emotionally resonant, symbolically rich, and diplomatically effective.

    “The convergence of these cultural expressions produces a multidimensional narrative of Indonesian culture that is emotionally resonant, symbolically rich, and diplomatically effective.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Without such alignment, Indonesia risks presenting an ambiguous cultural identity that weakens diplomatic impact.

    “Without such alignment, Indonesia risks presenting an ambiguous cultural identity that weakens diplomatic impact.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cultural diplomacy initiatives in Indonesia often lack centralized coordination, resulting in competing branding strategies that dilute national representation in global arenas.

    “Studies show that cultural diplomacy initiatives in Indonesia often lack centralized coordination, resulting in competing branding strategies that dilute national representation in global arenas (Destiviani & Azmawati, 2025).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Destiviani & Azmawati, 2025

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    These models highlight the importance of unified cultural strategies that coordinate government institutions, creative industries, and civil society in promoting a consistent national identity.

    “These models highlight the importance of unified cultural strategies that coordinate government institutions, creative industries, and civil society in promoting a consistent national identity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cross-media integration significantly increases public engagement and strengthens national branding, as seen in the hansik promotion program that combines culinary exports, entertainment media, and cultural tourism.

    “International gastrodiplomacy models demonstrate that cross-media integration significantly increases public engagement and strengthens national branding, as seen in the hansik promotion program that combines culinary exports, entertainment media, and cultural tourism (Nobelis et al., 2024).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Nobelis et al., 2024

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationcitation

    Coordinated digital diplomacy efforts that combine music, film, and culinary storytelling could significantly enhance Indonesia's cultural presence and engage wider international audiences.

    “Coordinated digital diplomacy efforts that combine music, film, and culinary storytelling could significantly enhance Indonesia's cultural presence and engage wider international audiences.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Indonesia's creative economy actors already utilize digital spaces to share music videos, culinary tutorials, and film content, yet these initiatives remain largely decentralized.
40 of 40

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems is achievable and desirable.

    “establishing a unified national identity in global cultural ecosystems”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework is possible.

    “integrating music, film, and culinary arts into a cohesive cultural diplomacy framework”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Indonesia's film industry has gradually embraced culturally grounded storytelling focusing on heritage, social identity, and local wisdom.

    “Indonesia's film industry has gradually embraced culturally grounded storytelling, focusing on themes such as heritage, social identity, and local wisdom.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Indonesia has experienced growth in film production, but international distribution remains limited compared with regional competitors.

    “While Indonesia has experienced growth in film production, international distribution remains limited compared with regional competitors.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Culinary diplomacy in Indonesia has advanced significantly through structured government initiatives and diaspora-driven cultural promotion.

    “Culinary diplomacy, on the other hand, has advanced significantly through structured government initiatives and diaspora-driven cultural promotion.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Indonesia Spice Up the World is a national program designed to introduce Indonesian cuisine to global audiences through restaurant expansion, culinary events, and branding initiatives.

    “Indonesia Spice Up the World, for example, is a national program designed to introduce Indonesian cuisine to global audiences through restaurant expansion, culinary events, and branding initiatives.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Fragmentation across governmental agencies and stakeholders leads to inconsistent messaging, with different institutions promoting varied narratives of Indonesian cultural identity.

    “Fragmentation across governmental agencies and stakeholders leads to inconsistent messaging, with different institutions promoting varied narratives of Indonesian cultural identity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Diaspora communities play an important role in connecting Indonesian cultural sectors with global audiences.

    “Furthermore, diaspora communities play an important role in connecting Indonesian cultural sectors with global audiences.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Diaspora-led culinary businesses, film communities, and musical collaborations contribute to Indonesia's informal cultural diplomacy by organically promoting national identity.

    “Diaspora-led culinary businesses, film communities, and musical collaborations contribute to Indonesia's informal cultural diplomacy by organically promoting national identity.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Indonesian restaurants abroad often serve as cultural touchpoints that introduce foreign publics to Indonesian flavors, music, and cultural narratives.

    “Indonesian restaurants abroad, for example, often serve as cultural touchpoints that introduce foreign publics to Indonesian flavors, music, and cultural narratives.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Indonesia's creative economy actors already utilize digital spaces to share music videos, culinary tutorials, and film content, yet these initiatives remain largely decentralized.

    “Indonesia's creative economy actors already utilize digital spaces to share music videos, culinary tutorials, and film content, yet these initiatives remain largely decentralized.”
11 of 11

Cites

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Darma, M. A. T., & Nuryanto, H. (2025). Kuliner Indonesia sebagai alat diplomasi budaya: Studi kasus di Kota Toronto. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 4(8), 5887-5896.
  2. Destiviani, T. S., & Azmawati, D. (2025). Strategi Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif periode 2019-2024 dalam meningkatkan citra Indonesia sebagai negeri rempah. Convergence: Journal of Global Dynamics, 1(2), 132- 154.
  3. Gunawan, I. (2024). Korean cultural diplomacy: Uniting society through soft power. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 14(01), 1079-1086.
  4. Inaya, Q. G. (2024). Diplomasi budaya Indonesia melalui Prambanan Jazz Festival dalam meningkatkan music tourism masa pandemic-pasca pandemic Covid-19 tahun 2020-2023 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
  5. Khairunnisa, B. W. (2024). Cultural diplomacy in international relations: A case study of Indonesia's engagement (Master's thesis, Khazar University).
  6. MEINARTI, T. (2019). Upaya culinary diplomacy dalam membentuk soft power Indonesia (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
  7. Nawawi, B. A. (2025). SM Entertainment's corporate diplomacy role in encouraging creative economy collaboration between South Korea and Indonesia (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Darussalam Gontor).
  8. Putera, A. P. (2024). Indonesia's soft power diplomacy in Azerbaijan: A study on the Centre of Indonesian Studies at Azerbaijan University of Languages (Doctoral dissertation).
  9. Putri, F. A. (2025). Gastrodiplomasi Indonesia melalui program Indonesia Spice Up the World ke Australia tahun 2021-2024 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Nasional).
  10. Ramadhani, S. P. (2025). Strategi multi-track diplomacy Korea Selatan dalam program Global Hansik Campaign di Indonesia pada tahun 2018-2024 (Doctoral dissertation, UPN Veteran Jawa Timur).

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Authors
Nurjanah, N.
Affiliations
Universitas Pancasakti Tegal (ID)
Corresponding author
Nurjanah, Nurjanah
ORCID
Nurjanah, Nurjanah
Venue
Kamara Journal
Publisher
PT. Anagata Sembagi Education
Published
2025-12-30
Volume
2
Issue
3
Pages
34-45
ISSN
3048-0159 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.62872/kj.v2i3.476
OpenAlex
W7132827563
Semantic Scholar
8bf7df9f182a916f1e2e0750a0e5cc11f6e59869
Cited by
0
References
0
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Kamara Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Asian Culture and Media Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › European Cultural and National Identity
Keywords
cultural soft power, cultural diplomacy, music diplomacy, food diplomacy, gastrodiplomacy, Indonesia, international image, people-to-people relations, cultural festivals, national identity, cultural branding

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