Quantitative Fit-Testing of N95 Respirators: Part II—Results, Effect of Filter Penetration, Fit-Test, and Pass/Fail Criteria on Respirator Performance
Open accessAbstract
This is the second of two articles dealing with quantitative fit-testing of N95 respirators (one of the new classes of particulate respirators) certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in the United States. This portion of the study had three purposes to: 1) quantitatively fit-test twenty-one N95 respirators to evaluate the laboratory performance of these N95 respirators; 2) determine if their laboratory performance could be improved when the first donning was used as a surrogate fit-test to screen out poor fitting respirators; and 3) investigate the effect of face-seal leakage, pass/fail criteria, and the use of subsequent donnings as the surrogate fit-test on respirator performance. Each respirator was tested on a panel of 25 subjects with varying face sizes. Four total penetration tests were conducted for each subject/respirator combination resulting in a total of 100 measurements for each respirator. The 95th percentile for total penetrations of all the respirators combined was 33% which is more than three times the maximum allowable value of 10%. Further investigation revealed that the total inward leakage was mainly attributable to faceseal leakage, not filter penetration. When the first donning was used as a surrogate fit-test to separate the subjects into two groups (one passing the fit-test and the other failing the fit-test), significant differences in total penetration and face-seal leakage were found between the two groups (p-value = 0.0003). The results show that the level of protection provided by an N95 respirator is greatly enhanced when fit-testing is performed to screen out poor fits. This study also demonstrated that the pass/fail criterion of 1% is necessary to ensure that the respirator will reduce the in-facepiece concentration of workplace contaminants to 10% or less of the ambient concentration. In addition, it was found that the total penetration or face-seal leakage did not differ among the four different donnings. The subjects in this study were able to obtain consistent fits each time the respirator was donned. Thus, fit-testing protocols for N95 respirators may not have to include different donnings.
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It was also in accordance with the findings by Coffey et al. (1998) who reported that total penetration was significantly correlated with faceseal leakage.
“It was also accordance with the findings by Coffey et al. (1998) who reported that total penetration was significantly correlated with faceseal leakage.”
From Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow (2009) · cites this paper as Coffey et al. (1998)
The ‘Effect of Face-seal Leakage on Respirator Performance’ section (page not provided) reports that face-seal leakage was the largest component of total penetration and that their values were similar. It does not report a correlation test or establish that the relationship was statistically significant. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTotal penetration had a geometric mean of 2.8%, with corresponding values for faceseal leakage and filter penetration of 2.4% and 0.16%, respectively.
“They reported that total penetration had a geometric mean of 2.8%, and corresponding values for faceseal leakage and filter penetration were 2.4 and 0.16%, respectively.”
From Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow (2009) · cites this paper as Coffey et al. (1998)
The results are in accordance with the findings of Coffey et al. (1998) who reported that faceseal leakage was the largest component of total penetration for a given respirator.
“The results are in accordance with the findings of Coffey et al. (1998) who reported that faceseal leakage was the largest component of total penetration for a given respirator (Coffey et al., 1998).”
From Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow (2009) · cites this paper as Coffey et al. (1998)
Faceseal leakage was highly correlated with total penetration, while filter penetration was not.
“The investigators also illustrated that faceseal leakage was highly correlated with total penetration while filter penetration was not (Coffey et al., 1998).”
From Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow (2009) · cites this paper as Coffey et al. (1998)
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Large Particle Penetration through N95 Respirator Filters and Facepiece Leaks with Cyclic Flow
(2009) · The Annals of Occupational Hygiene · doi:10.1093/annhyg/mep062 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coffey, C. C., Zhuang, Z., Campbell, D. L., & Myers, W. R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- West Virginia University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection
- Published
- 1998-12-31
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1-4
- ISSN
- 0892-6298 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W7204083674
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society for Respiratory Protection (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Keywords
- N95 respirators, quantitative fit testing, particulate respirators, filter penetration, pass/fail criteria, respirator fit
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