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Passive aeroelastic control of aircraft wings via nonlinear oscillators

Fernandez Escudero, Claudia·2026

Abstract

Contrôle passif des instabilités aéroélastiques des ailes d'avion par ajout d'oscillateurs non linéaires: Les phénomènes aéroélastiques ont lieu lorsqu’une structure interagit avec un écoulement qui l’entoure et elles sont une des principaux facteurs qui limitent l’enveloppe de vol des avions.Cette interaction fluide-structure peut entraîner de l’endommagement structurel, immédiat ou du à la fatigue. Depuis le début de l'histoire aéronautique, l'aéroélasticité a toujours été un facteur important dans la conception des avions. De nos jours, les progrès de l'industrie aéronautique conduisent à la conception d'ailes plus efficaces, présentant généralement des géométries plus allongées et l'utilisation de matériaux plus légers et plus flexibles. Ces nouvelles ailes sont plus sujettes que jamais à un comportement aéroélastique, ce qui signifie que le contrôle aéroélastique reste un domaine d'étude important. De plus, les nouveaux designs des drones remettent en question l'aéroélasticité traditionnelle.L'objectif de ce travail est de présenter, analyser et tester une solution innovante qui contrôle le comportement aéroélastique d'une aile d'avion pour des conditions de vol plus sûres et / ou une enveloppe de vol élargie. La solution présentée est basée sur des absorbeurs secondaires utilisés à ce jour sur d'autres applications, comme les ponts suspendus. Le système de contrôle est passif, ce qui signifie qu’aucun apport d'énergie externe n'est requis. Le système est intégré dans l'aile par un volet qui oscille dans l’écoulement. Les avantages de ce volet sont que l'oscillateur secondaire est placé dans l’écoulement pout bénéficier d'un amortissement aérodynamique et qu'il ajoute une masse faible, ce qui est toujours une priorité en aéronautique. Le système de contrôle peut présenter une rigidité non linéaire le rendant efficace aux fréquences large bande. C'est une caractéristique importante car les fréquences de l'aile évolueront avec la vitesse du vent.Afin de présenter et valider ce dispositif de contrôle innovant dans le domaine complexe de l'aéroélasticité non linéaire, une double approche est suivie utilisant à la fois l'analyse expérimentale et des simulations numériques. Concernant l'approche expérimentale, deux bancs d'essais sont créés et testés en soufflerie: une aile bidimensionnelle et une aile tridimensionnelle.Le premier banc expérimental consiste en une configuration d'aile bidimensionnelle à deux degrés de liberté, avec un volet qui peut être bloqué ou débloqué comme troisième degré de liberté, agissant comme oscillateur secondaire. Cette maquette permet de réaliser une preuve de concept du système de contrôle et met en évidence les avantages des caractéristiques non linéaires par rapport à une version linéaire. On observe que l'aile bidimensionnelle présente du flottement classique par coalescence de ses deux modes structuraux. Lorsque le système de commande est débloqué, la vitesse de flottement augmente, ainsi élargissant l'enveloppe de vol. De plus, le système de commande montre de bonnes performances de dissipation des vibrations pendant le régime post-flottement, en particulier lorsqu'il est équipé d'une rigidité non linéaire

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Authors
Fernandez Escudero, C.
Affiliations
Toulouse, ISAE
Published
2026
Cited by
0
References
2

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