Antifungal Potential of Extracellular Metabolites Produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Open accessAbstract
Indigenous actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils were assessed for in vitro antagonism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotium rolfsii. A potent antagonist against both plant pathogenic fungi, designated SRA14, was selected and identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The strain SRA14 highly produced extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase during the exponential and late exponential phases, respectively. Culture filtrates collected from the exponential and stationary phases inhibited the growth of both the fungi tested, indicating that growth suppression was due to extracellular antifungal metabolites present in culture filtrates. The percentage of growth inhibition by the stationary culture filtrate was significantly higher than that of exponential culture filtrate. Morphological changes such as hyphal swelling and abnormal shapes were observed in fungi grown on potato dextrose agar that contained the culture filtrates. However, the antifungal activity of exponential culture filtrates against both the experimental fungi was significantly reduced after boiling or treatment with proteinase K. There was no significant decrease in the percentage of fungal growth inhibition by the stationary culture filtrate that was treated as above. These data indicated that the antifungal potential of the exponential culture filtrate was mainly due to the presence of extracellular chitinase enzyme, whereas the antifungal activity of the stationary culture filtrate involved the action of unknown thermostable antifungal compound(s).
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Formation of two adjacent peaks in the HPLC chromatogram on the 12th day might be attributed to degradation of rapamycin and consequent production of rapamycin degradation products.
“formation of two adjacent peaks in the HPLC chromatogram might be attributed to degradation of rapamycin and consequent production of rapamycin degradation products (Prapagdee et al. 2008; Wang et al. 1994).”
From Kinetics of rapamycin production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus MTCC 4003 (2014) · cites this paper as Prapagdee et al. 2008
The Results and Discussion passage on metabolite stability describes unknown thermostable antifungal compounds, not rapamycin degradation. Searches of our untruncated copy for rapamycin, HPLC chromatograms, adjacent peaks, and day 12 found no passage addressing the proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe decrease in rapamycin concentration on the 12th day might be attributed to rapamycin degrading after 7 days of fermentation.
“This phenomenon was observed by Xu et al. (2005) and might be attributed to the fact that rapamycin starts degrading after 7 days of fermentation (Prapagdee et al. 2008).”
From Kinetics of rapamycin production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus MTCC 4003 (2014) · cites this paper as Prapagdee et al. 2008
The Results and Discussion section reports that antifungal activity decreased as fungal incubation continued, but it does not identify the metabolite as rapamycin or discuss its degradation. Searches for rapamycin degradation after seven days and concentration on day 12 found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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References 32 · Cited by 269
Research works printed but not linked: 17
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- Authors
- Prapagdee, B., Kuekulvong, C., & Mongkolsuk, S.
- Affiliations
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Prapagdee, Benjaphorn
- Venue
- International Journal of Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 330-337
- ISSN
- 1449-2288 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2556053
- OpenAlex
- W2048552292
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- International Journal of Biological Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Thailand Research Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
- Keywords
- Streptomyces hygroscopicus, antifungal activity, extracellular metabolites, culture filtrate, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Sclerotium rolfsii, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, fungal growth inhibition, plant pathogenic fungi
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Ascomycota, Chitinases, Extracellular Space, Streptomyces, Culture Media, Conditioned, Endopeptidase K, Colletotrichum, Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase
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