The DOI matches its Crossref record; 155 of the 155 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway
Open accessAbstract
Cancer cells can evade the attack from host immune systems via hijacking the regulatory circuits mediated by immune checkpoints. Therefore, reactivating the antitumor immunity by blockade of immune checkpoints is considered as a promising strategy to treat cancer. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are critical immune checkpoint proteins that responsible for negative regulation of the stability and the integrity of T-cell immune function. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have been developed for immune checkpoint blockade and can induce clinical responses across different types of cancers, which provides a new hope to cure cancer. However, the patients' response rates to current anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapies are still low and many initial responders finally develop resistance to these therapies. In this review, we provides a snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 molecular structure, mechanisms controlling their expression, signaling modulated by PD-1/PD-L1, current anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, and the future perspectives to overcome the resistance.
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Cites
Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012
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Nivolumab in Previously Untreated Melanoma without BRAF Mutation
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“From a recent phase I clinical trial, data indicated the administration of anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab), in patients with metastatic melanoma resulted in similar response rates in the setting of concurrent therapy regardless of PD-L1 expression in pretreatment tumor tissues [118].”
Background
Cited by
Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches
Tufail, M., Jiang, C.-H., & Li, N. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02280-1 · Cited by 363
PD-1 and PD-L1: architects of immune symphony and immunotherapy breakthroughs in cancer treatment
Parvez, A., Choudhary, F., Mudgal, P., Khan, R., Qureshi, K. A., Farooqi, H., & Aspatwar, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296341 · Cited by 216
The efficacy of chemotherapy is limited by intratumoral senescent cells expressing PD-L2
Chaib, S., López-Domínguez, J. A., Lalinde-Gutiérrez, M., Prats, N., Marin, I., Boix, O., García-Garijo, A., Meyer, K., Muñoz, M. I., Aguilera, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-023-00712-x · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Ghosh, C., Luong, G., & Sun, Y.
- Venue
- Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Ivyspring International Publisher
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2735-2746
- ISSN
- 1837-9664 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3136328381
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 155
- FWCI
- 14.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Ghosh, C., Luong, G., & Sun, Y. (2021). A snapshot of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Journal of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.57334
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
