The end of “Eskimo land”: Yupik relocation in Chukotka, 1958-1959
Abstract
Fifty years ago, in summer 1958, Russian authorities started a program of massive relocation of the Yupik population on the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia. About 800 people, or roughly 70% of the small nation of 1,100 at that time, were forced to leave their home sites and were moved to other communities. Some basic facts related to the Yupik relocations of the 1950s have been known since the 1960s; but no first-hand narratives of the displaced people were ever published. The paper overviews the closing of the three largest Siberian Yupik communities of Naukan, Ungaziq (Chaplino) and Plover in 1958-1959, and the displacement of their residents as recalled from their memories and personal accounts collected by the authors during the 1970s and 1980s. The paper argues that Soviet Yupik relocations of the 1950s were unprecedented in their scale and traumatic impact, even when compared to other state-initiated resettlement programs that targeted many Inuit communities in Alaska, Canada and Greenland.
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In 1958, forced relocations and consolidation occurred across Chukotka with 91 villages reduced to 31 to surveil the Siberian Yupik population.
“In 1958, forced relocations and consolidation occurred across Chukotka with 91 villages reduced to 31 (Holzlehner, 2011;Krupnik and Chlenov, 2007) to surveil the Siberian Yupik population (Krupnik and Chlenov, 2013).”
From Institutional navigation of oceans governance: Lessons from Russia and the United States Indigenous multi-level whaling governance in the Arctic (2022) · cites this paper as Krupnik and Chlenov, 2007
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York, A. M., Zdor, E., BurnSilver, S., Degai, T., Monakhova, M., Isakova, S., Petrov, A. N., & Kempf, M. (2022) · Earth System Governance · doi:10.1016/j.esg.2022.100154 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Krupnik, I., & Chlenov, M.
- Affiliations
- Smithsonian Institution (US)
- State Classical Academy named after Maimonides (RU)
- Venue
- Études/Inuit/Studies
- Publisher
- Consortium Erudit
- Published
- 2009-01-20
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 59-81
- ISSN
- 0701-1008 (ISSN-L)
- 1708-5268
- OpenAlex
- W1541234025
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Études/Inuit/Studies (publishedVersion)
- Érudit (Université de Montréal) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Soviet and Russian History
- Keywords
- Chukchi Peninsula, forced relocation, Soviet resettlement policy, personal narrative, displacement trauma, Chukotka
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