Professional stress and burnout in U.S. military medical personnel deployed to Afghanistan
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies of medical staff members have consistently documented high levels of burnout compared to those in other professions. Although there are studies of burnout in military medical staff, there are gaps in understanding the experience of medical staff while they are deployed and few occupationally-related factors associated with decreased burnout have been identified in this population. PURPOSE: To assess work-related variables accounting for burnout over and above rank, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and professional stressors in the deployed environment. METHODS: U.S. military medical staff members were surveyed in Afghanistan. The survey assessed burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), PTSD symptoms, perception of professional stressors, self-care behaviors, taking care of team members (team care), general leadership, and health-promoting leadership. Participants provided informed consent under a protocol approved by the institutional review board at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and coordinated through the Washington Headquarters Service and the Joint Casualty Care Research Team located in Afghanistan. A total of 344 individuals provided their consent (83.3%) and completed the survey. RESULTS: Correlations found significant positive relationships between perception of professional stressors and levels of burnout. Significant negative correlations were found between burnout and self-care, team care, general leadership, and health-promoting leadership. Regression analyses found self-care and team care accounted for less burnout even after controlling for rank, PTSD symptoms, and professional stressors. Health-promoting leadership accounted for less burnout even after controlling for these same covariates and general leadership as well. CONCLUSION: Although a cross-sectional survey, results provide three specific directions for reducing burnout in deployed medical staff. By emphasizing self-care, team care, and health-promoting leadership, policy makers, researchers, and leaders can address factors that influence burnout in this, and other occupational contexts. In addition, the constructs of team care and leadership offer novel contributions to the study of burnout in medical personnel.
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Medical staff deployed to Afghanistan reported significantly higher burnout and stress than other professions.
“In a sample of 344 medical staff members deployed to Afghanistan, they reported significantly higher levels of burnout and stress, compared to other professions (75).”
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“Adler et al. (75) did not specifically assess sleep quality or quantity; however, based on previous studies on the relation between poor sleep and increased stress (48, 62, 71, 76), we may assume that these 344 medical staff members would have reported higher scores for sleep disturbances.”
Background
- Authors
- Adler, A. B., Adrian, A. L., Hemphill, M., Scaro, N. H., Sipos, M. L., & Thomas, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- Womack Army Medical Center (US)
- Argosy University (US)
- Venue
- Military Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e1669-e1676
- ISSN
- 0026-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-613X
- OpenAlex
- W2594642194
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 10.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Military Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- burnout, occupational stress, military medical personnel, Afghanistan deployment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-care, team-based care, health-promoting leadership, occupational stressors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Afghanistan, Burnout, Professional, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Leadership, Male, Middle Aged, Military Personnel, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Care, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, United States, Linear Models, Afghan Campaign 2001-
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