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Cited by 786

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the Helsinki Heart Study

Saikku, Pekka, Leinonen, Maija, Tenkanen, Leena, Linnanmäki, Eila, Ekman, Marja-Riitta, Manninen, Vesa, Mänttäri, Matti, Frick, M. Heikki, Huttunen, Jussi K.·1992·Annals of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-273
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in the prospective Helsinki Heart Study, whether chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection, indicated by elevated antibody titers against the pathogen, chlamydial lipopolysaccharide-containing immune complexes, or both, is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: The Helsinki Heart Study was a randomized, double-blind, 5-year clinical trial to test the efficacy of gemfibrozil in reducing the risk for coronary heart disease. Participants were randomized to receive either gemfibrozil (2046 patients) or placebo (2035 patients). Fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death were the main study end points. Serum samples were collected at 3-month intervals from all patients. PATIENTS: One hundred forty cardiac events occurred during the follow-up period. Serum samples from 103 case patients obtained 3 to 6 months before a cardiac end point were matched with those from controls for time point, locality, and treatment. Samples were tested for markers of chronic chlamydial infection. MEASUREMENTS: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) antibodies to C. pneumoniae were measured using the microimmunofluorescence method. Lipopolysaccharide-containing immune complexes were measured using two antigen-specific enzyme immunoassays, the lipopolysaccharide-capture and immunoglobulin M (IgM)-capture methods. MAIN RESULTS: Using a conditional logistic regression model, odds ratios for the development of coronary heart disease were 2.7 (95% CI, 1.1 to 6.5) for elevated IgA titers, 2.1 (CI, 1.1 to 3.9) for the presence of immune complexes, and 2.9 (CI, 1.5 to 5.4) for the presence of both factors. If we adjusted for other coronary heart disease risk factors such as age, hypertension, and smoking, the corresponding values would be 2.3 (CI, 0.9 to 6.2), 1.8 (CI, 0.9 to 3.6), and 2.6 (CI, 1.3 to 5.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that chronic C. pneumoniae infection may be a significant risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease.

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Metadata

Authors
Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Tenkanen, L., Linnanmäki, E., Ekman, M.-R., Manninen, V., Mänttäri, M., Frick, M. H., & Huttunen, J. K.
Venue
Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American College of Physicians
Published
1992-02-15
Volume
116
Issue
4
Pages
273-278
ISSN
  • 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-3704
DOI
10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-273
OpenAlex
W2079977909
Cited by
786
References
20
FWCI
11.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-273
The paper
Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Tenkanen, L., Linnanmäki, E., Ekman, M.-R., Manninen, V., Mänttäri, M., Frick, M. H., & Huttunen, J. K. (1992). Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the Helsinki Heart Study. Annals of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-273

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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