Immunity, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
Open accessAbstract
Atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is a chronic inflammatory condition with immune competent cells in lesions producing mainly pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dead cells and oxidized forms of low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) are abundant. The major direct cause of CVD appears to be rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. oxLDL has proinflammatory and immune-stimulatory properties, causes cell death at higher concentrations and contains inflammatory phospholipids with phosphorylcholine (PC) as an interesting epitope. Antibodies against PC (anti-PC) may be atheroprotective, one mechanism being anti-inflammatory. Bacteria and virus have been discussed, but it has been difficult to find direct evidence, and antibiotic trials have not been successful. Heat shock proteins could be one major target for atherogenic immune reactions. More direct causes of plaque rupture include pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. To prove that inflammation is a cause of atherosclerosis and CVD, clinical studies with anti-inflammatory and/or immune-modulatory treatment are needed. The potential causes of immune reactions and inflammation in atherosclerosis and how inflammation can be targeted therapeutically to provide novel treatments for CVD are reviewed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Atherosclerosis is at least in part a disease of chronic inflammation, not unlike T2D.
“Therefore, atherosclerosis is at least in part a disease of chronic inflammation, not unlike T2D.”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Frostegård, 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725 · see citing works
Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ôunpuu, S., Dans, T., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., McQueen, M., Budaj, A., Pais, P., Varigos, J., et al. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17018-9 · Cited by 12,026 · see citing works
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s
Ross, R. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362801a0 · Cited by 10,618 · see citing works
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807646 · Cited by 6,674 · see citing works
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis
Koeth, R. A., Wang, Z., Levison, B. S., Buffa, J. A., Org, E., Sheehy, B. T., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Wu, Y., Li, L., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3145 · Cited by 4,386 · see citing works
Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage
Nishikawa, T., Edelstein, D., Du, X. L., Yamagishi, S.-I., Matsumura, T., Kaneda, Y., Yorek, M. A., Beebe, D., Oates, P. J., Hammes, H.-P., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35008121 · Cited by 4,277 · see citing works
Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis
Libby, P., Ridker, P. M., & Hansson, G. K. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10146 · Cited by 4,010 · see citing works
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women With Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J. J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Köenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2009) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000344393.60303.0a · Cited by 3,641 · see citing works
Saikku, P., Mattila, K. J., Nieminen, M. S., Huttunen, J. K., Leinonen, M., Ekman, M.-R., Mäkelä, P. H., & Valtonen, V. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90741-6 · Cited by 1,961 · see citing works
Manzi, S., Meilahn, E. N., Rairie, J. E., Conte, C. G., Medsger, T. A., Jansen-McWilliams, L., D’Agostino, R. B., & Kuller, L. H. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009122 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Progression of Coronary Atheroma
Kolodgie, F. D., Gold, H. K., BURKE, A. P., Fowler, D. R., Kruth, H. S., Weber, D. K., Farb, A. A., Guerrero, L. J., Hayase, M., Kutys, R., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa035655 · Cited by 1,491 · see citing works
Tabas, I., Williams, K. J., & Borén, J. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.676890 · Cited by 1,399 · see citing works
Morrow, J. D., Frei, B. B., Longmire, A. W., Gaziano, J. M., Lynch, S. M., Shyr, Y., Strauss, W., Oates, J. A., & Roberts, L. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505043321804 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis
Koren, O., Spor, A., Felin, J., Fåk, F., Stombaugh, J., Tremaroli, V., Behre, C. J., Knight, R., Fagerberg, B., Ley, R. E., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1011383107 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Update on acute coronary syndromes: the pathologists' view
Falk, E., Nakano, M., Bentzon, J. F., Finn, A. V., & Virmani, R. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs411 · Cited by 1,047 · see citing works
Lockhart, P. B., Bolger, A. F., Papapanou, P. N., Osinbowale, O., Trevisan, M., Levison, M. E., Taubert, K. A., Newburger, J. W., Gornik, H. L., Gewitz, M. H., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31825719f3 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Yanbaeva, D. G., Dentener, M. A., Creutzberg, E. C., Wesseling, G., & Wouters, E. F. �. (2007) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.06-2179 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Frostegård, J., Ulfgren, A., Nyberg, P., Hedin, U., Swedenborg, J., Andersson, U., & Hansson, G. K. (1999) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00011-8 · Cited by 1,002 · see citing works
Self-citationMinimally modified low density lipoprotein stimulates monocyte endothelial interactions.
Berliner, J. A., Territo, M., Sevanian, A., Ramin, S., Kim, J. A., Bamshad, B., Esterson, M., & Fogelman, A. M. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114562 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Lipoxygenase and leukotriene pathways: biochemistry, biology, and roles in disease
Haeggström, J. Z., & Funk, C. D. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200246d · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Endothelial Dysfunction, Hemodynamic Forces, and Atherogenesisa
Gimbrone, M. A., Topper, J. N., Nagel, T., Anderson, K. R., & García‐Cardeña, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06318.x · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Li, A. C., Brown, K. K., Silvestre, M., Willson, T. M., Palinski, W., & Glass, C. K. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10370 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Differentiation of Monocytes into Dendritic Cells in a Model of Transendothelial Trafficking
Randolph, G. J., Beaulieu, S., Lebecque, S., Steinman, R. M., & Müller, W. A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5388.480 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Saikku, P., Leinonen, M., Tenkanen, L., Linnanmäki, E., Ekman, M.-R., Manninen, V., Mänttäri, M., Frick, M. H., & Huttunen, J. K. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-4-273 · Cited by 785 · see citing works
Watson, A. D., Leitinger, N., Navab, M., Faull, K. F., Hörkkö, S., Witztum, J. L., Palinski, W., Schwenke, D., Salomon, R. G., Sha, W., et al. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.21.13597 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Binder, C. J., Hörkkö, S., Dewan, A. K., Chang, M.-K., Kieu, E., Goodyear, C. S., Shaw, P. X., Palinski, W., Witztum, J. L., & Silverman, G. J. (2003) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm876 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Laursen, J. B., Somers, M., Kurz, S., McCann, L., Warnholtz, A., Freeman, B. A., Tarpey, M., Fukai, T., & Harrison, D. G. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.9.1282 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Necrotic cells trigger a sterile inflammatory response through the Nlrp3 inflammasome
Iyer, S. S., Pulskens, W. P., Sadler, J. J., Butter, L. M., Teske, G. J., Ulland, T. K., Eisenbarth, S. C., Florquin, S., Flavell, R. A., Leemans, J. C., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0908698106 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Miller, Y. I., Choi, S.-H., Wiesner, P., Fang, L., Harkewicz, R., Hartvigsen, K., Boullier, A., Gonen, A., Diehl, C. J., Que, X., et al. (2011) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.110.223875 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical results
Wang, C., Liu, P., & Liao, J. K. (2008) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2007.11.004 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Palinski, W., Miller, E. R., & Witztum, J. L. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.3.821 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Methotrexate Use and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Micha, R., Imamura, F., von Ballmoos, M. C. W., Solomon, D. H., Hernán, M. Á., Ridker, P. M., & Mozaffarian, D. (2011) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.054 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with carotid atherosclerosis
Xu, Q., Wick, G., Willeit, J., Marosi, M., Kiechl, S. J., Luef, G. J., Kleindienst, R., Stulnig, T. M., Wick, G., & Oberhollenzer, F. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92613-x · Cited by 513 · see citing works
The Adventitia: Essential Regulator of Vascular Wall Structure and Function
Stenmark, K. R., Yeager, M. E., Kasmi, K. C. E., Nozik‐Grayck, E., Gerasimovskaya, E. V., Li, M., Riddle, S. R., & Frid, M. G. (2012) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-030212-183802 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Mach, F., Sauty, A., Iarossi, A. S., Sukhova, G. K., Neote, K. S., Libby, P., & Luster, A. D. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci6993 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
The Human Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Receptor US28 Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration
Streblow, D. N., Söderberg‐Nauclér, C., Vieira, J., Smith, P., Wakabayashi, E., Ruchti, F., Mattison, K., Altschuler, Y., & Nelson, J. A. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81539-1 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing
Keller, A., Graefen, A., Ball, M., Matzas, M., Boisguerin, V., Maixner, F., Leidinger, P., Backes, C., Khairat, R., Forster, M., et al. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1701 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Blockade of Interleukin-17A Results in Reduced Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Smith, E. E., Prasad, K.-M. R., Butcher, M. J., Dobrian, A. D., Kolls, J. K., Ley, K. F., & Galkina, E. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.924886 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in coronary arterial fatty streaks and atheromatous plaques.
Shor, A., Kuo, C. C., & Patton, D. L. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis across 4000 years of human history: the Horus study of four ancient populations
Thompson, R. C., Allam, A. H., Lombardi, G. P., Wann, L. S., Sutherland, M. L., Sutherland, J. D., Al-Tohamy, M., Frøhlich, B., Mininberg, D. T., Monge, J. M., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60598-x · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Xu, Q., Dietrich, H., Steiner, H. J., Gown, A. M., Schoel, B., Mikuz, G., Kaufmann, S. H. E., & Wick, G. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.7.789 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Azithromycin for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Events
Grayston, J. T., Kronmal, R. A., Jackson, L. A., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043526 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Campbell, L. A., & Rosenfeld, M. E. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th11-06-0392 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Protective Roles of Natural IgM Antibodies
Grönwall, C., Vas, J., & Silverman, G. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00066 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Frostegård, J., Nilsson, J., Hægerstrand, A., et al. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.3.904 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationAzithromycin for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Events
O’Connor, C. M., Dunne, M. W., Pfeffer, M. A., Muhlestein, J. B., Yao, L., Gupta, S., Benner, R. J., Fisher, M. R., Cook, T. D., & for the Investigators in the WIZARD Study (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.11.1459 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Ascorbate Restores Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Impaired by Acute Hyperglycemia in Humans
Beckman, J. A., Goldfine, A. B., Gordon, M. B., & Creager, M. A. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.12.1618 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin treatment reduces atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice.
Nicoletti, A., Kaveri, S. V., Caligiuri, G., Bariety, J., & Hansson, G. K. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119892 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Antibiotic Treatment ofChlamydia pneumoniaeafter Acute Coronary Syndrome
Cannon, C. P., D, E. B. M., McCabe, C. H., Grayston, J. T., Muhlestein, B., Giugliano, R. P., Cairns, R., & Skene, A. M. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043528 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Inhibition of Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Null Mice by Immunization with ApoB-100 Peptide Sequences
Fredrikson, G. N., Söderberg, I., Lindholm, M., Dimayuga, P. C., Chyu, K., Shah, P. K., & Nilsson, J. Å. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000067937.93716.db · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Overexpression of Eotaxin and the CCR3 Receptor in Human Atherosclerosis
Haley, K. J., Lilly, C. M., Yang, J.-H., et al. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.18.2185 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Qiu, H., Gabrielsen, A., Agardh, H. E., Wan, M., Wetterholm, A., Wong, C., Hedin, U., Swedenborg, J., Hansson, G. K., Samuelsson, B. O., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602414103 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Induction of T-cell activation by oxidized low density lipoprotein.
Frostegård, J., Wu, R., Giscombe, R., Holm, G., Lefvert, A., & Nilsson, J. (1992) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.12.4.461 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Self-citationMoos, M. P. W., John, N. F. S., Gräbner, R., Noßmann, S., Günther, B., Vollandt, R., Funk, C. D., Kaiser, B., & Habenicht, A. J. R. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000187470.31662.fe · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis in Patients With Autoimmune Disorders
Frostegård, J. (2005) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000174800.78362.ec · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Iceman: Discovery and Imaging
Murphy, W. A., Dz, D. Z. N., Gostner, P., Knapp, R., Recheis, W. A., & Seidler, H. (2003) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2263020338 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Martin, W. F., Hoffmeister, M., Rotte, C., & Henze, K. (2001) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2001.187 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Amar, J., Lange, C., Payros, G., Garret, C., Chabo, C., Lantieri, O., Courtney, M., Marre, M., Charles, M.-A. A., Balkau, B., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054461 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Pockley, A. G., Georgiades, A., Thulin, T., Fairé, U. D., & Frostegård, J. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000086522.13672.23 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationȘchiopu, A., Bengtsson, J., Söderberg, I., Janciauskiene, S. M., Lindgren, S. C., Ares, M. P. S., Shah, P. K., Carlsson, R. N. K., Nilsson, J. Å., & Fredrikson, G. N. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143162.56057.b5 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Stone, A., Mendall, M. A., Kaski, J. C., Edger, T. M., Risley, P., Poloniecki, J. D., Camm, A. J., & Northfield, T. C. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000027820.66786.cf · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Rheumatic Disease and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Tyrrell, P. N., Beyene, J., Feldman, B. M., McCrindle, B. W., Silverman, E. D., & Bradley, T. J. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.109.198424 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Gonçalves, I., Edsfeldt, A., Ko, N. Y., Grufman, H., Berg, K. E., Björkbacka, H., Nitulescu, M., Persson, A. F., Nilsson, M., Prehn, C. P., et al. (2012) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.112.249854 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Cytomegalovirus DNA in arterial walls of patients with atherosclerosis
Melnick, J. L., Hu, C., Burek, J., Adam, E., & DeBakey, M. E. (1994) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.1890420213 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Elinder, L. S., Wu, R., CLAESSON, H.-E., & Frostegård, J. (1999) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00871.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Antigen Cross Presentation
Murshid, A., Gong, J., & Calderwood, S. K. (2012) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00063 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Faria‐Neto, J. R., Chyu, K., Li, X., Dimayuga, P. C., Ferreira, C., Yano, J., Cercek, B., & Shah, P. K. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.033 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Phosphorylcholine-Targeting Immunization Reduces Atherosclerosis
Caligiuri, G., Khallou‐Laschet, J., Vandaele, M., Gaston, A., Delignat, S., Mandet, C., Köhler, H., Kaveri, S. V., & Nicoletti, A. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.11.054 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Oxidative stress, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and cardiolipin in aging
Paradies, G., Petrosillo, G., Paradies, V., & Ruggiero, F. M. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.020 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Su, J., Georgiades, A., Wu, R., Thulin, T., Fairé, U. D., & Frostegård, J. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.10.017 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationMayerl, C., Lukasser, M., Sedivy, R., Niederegger, H., Seiler, R., & Wick, G. (2006) · Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medicin · doi:10.1007/s00428-006-0176-7 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Human mortality improvement in evolutionary context
Bürger, O., Baudisch, A., & Vaupel, J. W. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1215627109 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Cellular Infiltration of the Human Arterial Adventitia Associated with Atheromatous Plaques
Schwartz, C. J., & Mitchell, J. R. A. (1962) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.26.1.73 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Cell Death, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns, and Sterile Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease
Zheng, Y., Gardner, S. E., & Clarke, M. C. H. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.111.224907 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Khanna, S., Goodyear, C. S., Park, Y. B., Raz, E., Thiel, S., Grönwall, C., Vas, J., Boyle, D. L., Corr, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900948 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Bernatsky, S., Hudson, M., & Suissa, S. (2005) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keh610 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Subbanagounder, G., Leitinger, N., Shih, P. T., Faull, K. F., & Berliner, J. A. (1999) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.85.4.311 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Elkan, A., Sjöberg, B. G., Kolsrud, B., Ringertz, B., Hafström, I., & Frostegård, J. (2008) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2388 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationLINDEBERG, S., & LUNDH, B. (1993) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00986.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Lymphocytes and the Adventitial Immune Response in Atherosclerosis
Campbell, K. A., Lipinski, M. J., Doran, A. C., Skaflen, M. D., Fuster, V., & McNamara, C. A. (2012) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.111.263186 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Passive smoking increases experimental atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits
Zhu, B., Sun, Y., Sievers, R. E., Isenberg, W. M., Glantz, S. A., & Parmley, W. W. (1993) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(93)90741-i · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Rollo, F., Ubaldi, M., Ermini, L., & Marota, I. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.192184599 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Greig, F. H., Kennedy, S., & Spickett, C. M. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.481 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Platelet-Activating Factor and Oxidized LDL Induce Immune Activation by a Common Mechanism
Frostegård, J., Huang, Y. H., Rönnelid, J., & Elinder, L. S. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.5.963 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationKrishnan, E., Lingala, V. B., & Singh, G. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000142864.83780.81 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Expression of Phospholipase A 2 Isoforms in Human Normal and Atherosclerotic Arterial Wall
Elinder, L. S., Dumitrescu, A. M., Larsson, P., et al. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.10.2257 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Puolakkainen, M. H., Kuo, C. C., Shor, A., Wang, S.-P., Grayston, J. T., & Campbell, L. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.31.8.2212-2214.1993 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Anania, C., Gustafsson, T. P., Hua, X., Su, J., Vikström, M., Fairé, U. D., Heimbürger, M., Jogestrand, T., & Frostegård, J. (2010) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3193 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationNatural antibodies against phosphorylcholine as potential protective factors in SLE
Su, J., Hua, X., Concha, H., Svenungsson, E., Cederholm, A., & Frostegård, J. (2008) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ken120 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationThe emergence of mouse models of atherosclerosis and their relevance to clinical research
Smith, J. D., & Breslow, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00197.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
E-selectin polymorphism and atherosclerosis: an association study
Wenze, K., Felix, S. B., KIeberi, F. X., et al. (1994) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/3.11.1935 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Fairé, U. D., Su, J., Hua, X., Frostegård, A. G., Halldin, M., Hellénius, M.-L., Wikström, M., Dahlbom, I., Grönlund, H., & Frostegård, J. (2009) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.05.003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationInhalation of sidestream cigarette smoke accelerates development of arteriosclerotic plaques.
Penn, A. L., & Snyder, C. A. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.4.1820 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Induction of heat shock protein in monocytic cells by oxidized low density lipoprotein
Frostegård, J., Kjellman, B., Gidlund, M., et al. (1996) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(95)05706-4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationTreatment With Methotrexate Inhibits Atherogenesis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits
Bulgarelli, A., Dias, A. A. M., Caramelli, B., & Maranhão, R. C. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0b013e318241c385 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Cytomegalovirus infection status predicts progression of heart-transplant vasculopathy
Fateh‐Moghadam, S., Bocksch, W., Wessely, R., et al. (2003) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/01.tp.0000090163.48433.48 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Decreased Binding of Annexin V to Endothelial Cells
Cederholm, A., Svenungsson, E., Jensen‐Urstad, K., Trollmo, C., Ulfgren, A., Swedenborg, J., Fei, G., & Frostegård, J. (2004) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000150415.18759.36 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationEwing, M. M., de Vries, M. R., Nordzell, M., Pettersson, K. S., de Boer, H. C., van Zonneveld, A. J., Frostegård, J., Jukema, J. W., & Quax, P. H. A. (2010) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.216747 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationSidestream cigarette smoke accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E−/− mice
Gairola, C. G., Drawdy, M. L., Block, A., & Daugherty, A. (2001) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00621-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Frostegård, J. (2009) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2009.08.013 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationO’Donoghue, M. L., D, E. B. M., White, H. D., Serruys, P. W. J. C., Steg, P. G., Hochman, J. S., Maggioni, A. P., Bode, C., Weaver, D., Johnson, J. L., et al. (2011) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.07.018 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Microbial Modulation of Host Immunity with the Small Molecule Phosphorylcholine
Clark, S. E., & Weiser, J. N. (2012) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01168-12 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Moving Beyond JUPITER: Will Inhibiting Inflammation Reduce Vascular Event Rates?
Ridker, P. M. (2012) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-012-0295-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ghittoni, R., Napolitani, G., Benati, D., Uliveri, C., Patrussi, L., Pasini, F. L., Lanzavecchia, A., & Baldari, C. T. (2006) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200636567 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Rossmann, A., Henderson, B., Heidecker, B., et al. (2007) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2007.11.009 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effect of interleukin 1β inhibition in cardiovascular disease
Qamar, A., & Rader, D. J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328359b0a6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Characterization and properties of a lipoprotein-complexing proteoglycan from human aorta
Camejo, G., Lalaguna, F., López, F., et al. (1980) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(80)90129-x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Association of Serum Antibodies to Heat-Shock Protein 65 With Borderline Hypertension
Frostegård, J., Lemne, C. E., Andersson, B., van der Zee, R., Kiessling, R. W., & Fairé, U. D. (1997) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.29.1.40 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSu, J., Hua, X., Vikström, M., Leander, K., Gigante, B., Hellénius, M.-L., Fairé, U. D., & Frostegård, J. (2013) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-13-1 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationInfectious Burden: A New Risk Factor and Treatment Target for Atherosclerosis
Elkind, M. (2010) · Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152610790963519 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis and diet in ancient Egypt
David, A., Kershaw, A., & Heagerty, A. M. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60294-2 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition
Dimitriadis, E., Griffin, M., Owens, D., et al. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401762 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Frostegård, J., Tao, W., Georgiades, A., Råstam, L., Lindblad, U., & Lindeberg, S. (2007) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-4-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationHeat-Shock Proteins as Endogenous Ligands Building a Bridge Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Tamura, Y., Torigoe, T., Kukita, K., Saito, K., Okuya, K., Kutomi, G., Hirata, K., & Sato, N. (2012) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt.12.75 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kunitomo, M., Yamaguchi, Y., Kagota, S., Yoshikawa, N., Nakamura, K., & Shinozuka, K. (2009) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.09100fp · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Effects of Hunter-Gatherer Subsistence Mode on Arterial Distensibility in Cameroonian Pygmies
Lemogoum, D., Ngatchou, W., Janssen, C., Leeman, M., Bortel, L. M. V., Boutouyrie, P., Degaute, J.-P., & van de Borne, P. (2012) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.187757 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
T-cell reactivity against HSP60 relates to early but not advanced atherosclerosis
Knoflach, M., Zollner-Kiechl, S., Mayrl, B., Kind, M., Gaston, H., van der Zee, R., Faggionato, A., Mayr, A., Willeit, J., & Wick, G. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Subcutaneous immunization with heat shock protein-65 reduces atherosclerosis in Apoe/ mice
Klingenberg, R., Ketelhuth, D. F. J., Strodthoff, D., Gregori, S., & Hansson, G. K. (2011) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2011.06.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fiskesund, R., Su, J., Bulatović, I., Vikström, M., Fairé, U. D., & Frostegård, J. (2012) · Results in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.rinim.2012.01.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of Helicobacter pylori Infection During Atherogenesis In Vivo in Mice
Mach, F., Sukhova, G. K., Michetti, M., et al. (2002) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh0102.102270 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ström, Å., Fredrikson, G. N., Șchiopu, A., et al. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.032 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Blanco, D. R., Champion, C. I., Dooley, A. N., Cox, D. L., Whitelegge, J. P., Faull, K. F., & Lovett, M. (2005) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.73.5.3083-3095.2005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of nasal immunization of multi-target preventive vaccines on atherosclerosis
Long, J., Jie, L., Dongping, Y., Yang, X., Li, T., Rongyue, C., Wu, J., & Jingjing, L. (2011) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.043 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Arteriosclerosis in the african elephant Part 1. Intimal atherosclerosis and its possible causes
McCullagh, K. G. (1972) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(72)90080-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Agmon‐Levin, N., Bat‐sheva, P. K., Barzilai, O., Ram, M., Lindeberg, S., Frostegård, J., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04671.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationLong, J., Lin, J. M., Yang, X., et al. (2012) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Atout, R., Karabina, S., Dollet, S., Carreras, M., Payré, C., André, P., Lambeau, G. J., Lotteau, V., Ninio, E., & Perrin‐Cocon, L. (2012) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.014 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Völzke, H., Wolff, B., Lüdemann, J., Guertler, L. G., Krämer, A., John, U., & Felix, S. B. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.10.048 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental regulation of inflammatory CVD biomarkers Lp-PLA2 and IgM anti-PC
Rahman, I., Atout, R., Pedersen, N. L., Fairé, U. D., Frostegård, J., Ninio, E., Bennet, A. M., & Magnusson, P. K. E. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.038 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Zhao, X., Zhang, S., et al. (2011) · Protein and Peptide Letters · doi:10.2174/092986611795445987 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fiskesund R Su J Viksröm M Faire U Frostegård J Phosphorylcholine antibodies of the Group I idiotype inhibit cell death and, at high levels, are strong protection markers for atherosclerosis development, particularly when combined with other antibodies against modified LDL Results Immunol 2012 2 13 18 24371562 PMC3862347
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NLRP3 Inflammasome and the IL-1 Pathway in Atherosclerosis
Grebe, A., Hoss, F., & Latz, E. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.311362 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Postler, T. S., & Ghosh, S. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.008 · Cited by 876 · see citing works
“This destabilizes the entire plaque, facilitating rupture and subsequent formation of an embolus that may result in myocardial infarction, stroke, or other forms of cardiovascular disease (Brophy et al., 2017; Frostegård, 2013; Moore et al., 2013).”
BackgroundAnti-Inflammatory Effects of GLP-1-Based Therapies beyond Glucose Control
Lee, Y.-S., & Jun, H.-S. (2016) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2016/3094642 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
“Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition resulting from the invasion and accumulation ofwhite blood cells (foamcells) in thewalls of arteries and therefore is a syndrome affecting arterial blood vessels [58].”
BackgroundCrosstalk between ER stress, autophagy and inflammation
Chipurupalli, S., Samavedam, U., & Robinson, N. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.758311 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
C-Reactive Protein: Clinical and Epidemiological Perspectives
Salazar, J., Martínez, M. S., Chávez, M., Toledo, A., Añez, R., Torres, Y., Apruzzese, V., Silva, C., Rojas, J., & Bermúdez, V. (2014) · Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2014/605810 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Singh, S. S., Pilkerton, C. S., Shrader, C. D., & Frisbee, S. J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5263-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Immunomodulatory Effects of Statins on Macrophages
Sheridan, A., Wheeler-Jones, C. P. D., & Gage, M. C. (2022) · Immuno · doi:10.3390/immuno2020021 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Endothelial ACKR3 drives atherosclerosis by promoting immune cell adhesion to vascular endothelium
Gencer, S., Döring, Y., Jansen, Y., Bayasgalan, S., Yan, Y., Bianchini, M., Cimen, I., Müller, M., Peters, L. J. F., Megens, R. T. A., et al. (2022) · Basic Research in Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s00395-022-00937-4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The effects of oleanolic acid on atherosclerosis in different animal models
Luo, H., Liu, J., Ouyang, Q., Xuan, C., Wang, L., Li, T., & Liu, J. (2017) · Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica · doi:10.1093/abbs/gmx013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dhananjayan, K., Gunawardena, D., Hearn, N., Sonntag, T., Moran, C., Gyengesi, E., Srikanth, V., & Münch, G. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161152 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Teng, Y., Ouyang, J., Wu, P., Tong, J., Gao, G., Yan, S., Tao, F., & Huang, K. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.035754 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Frostegård, J.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Frostegård, Johan
- ORCID
- Frostegård, Johan
- Venue
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2013-05-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 117-117
- ISSN
- 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3658954
- OpenAlex
- W2125951189
- Cited by
- 1,040
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 3.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, immune cells, inflammatory cytokines, oxidized LDL, plaque rupture, phosphorylcholine, anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies, heat shock proteins, chemokines, lipid mediators, atheroprotection, immunomodulatory therapy
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Inflammation, Atherosclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review