CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 41Menstrual Health and DisordersSodium Intake and HealthElectrolyte and hormonal disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Relation between Sodium Balance and Menstrual Cycle Symptoms in Normal Women

Olson, Beatriz R., Forman, Michele R., Lanza, Elaine, McAdam, Patricia A., Beecher, Gary, Kimzey, Lorene M., Campbell, William S., Raymond, Elizabeth G., Brentzel, Sandra L., Guttsches-Ebeling, Bettina·1996·Annals of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sodium balance affects expression of menstrual symptoms. DESIGN: Prospective study of menstrual symptoms during three cycles: a baseline month (usual intake of sodium, 115 mmol/d) followed by 2 months of sodium restriction (intake of sodium, 73.0 mmol/d). Added salt was allowed during the last month. Investigators were aware of the diet sequence. SETTING: Outpatient. Meals were prepared by a metabolic kitchen during the 2 months that the participants received salt-restricted diets. PARTICIPANTS: 13 healthy menstruant women. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma sodium levels, urinary sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity were measured for five time periods during the baseline cycle and the two cycles of salt-restricted diet. Eleven women completed a questionnaire assessing somatic symptoms and sensory cravings at the same time every day during the 3-month study period. RESULTS: Sodium restriction was associated with a mean decrease (+/- one half of the 95% CI) in plasma sodium levels of 0.9 +/- 0.9 mmol/L from a mean of 139.3 mmol/L during the baseline cycle (P = 0.018), a decrease in urinary sodium excretion of 40.3 +/- 18 mmol/d from a mean of 117 mmol/d during the baseline cycle (P = 0.001), and an increase in plasma renin activity of 0.14 +/- 0.08 ng/(L . s) from a mean of 0.28 ng/(L . s) during the baseline cycle (P = 0.008). During the luteal phase of the sodium restriction cycle, significant decreases in plasma sodium levels of 1.23 +/- 0.5 mmol/L (from values of 138.8 mmol/L during the follicular phase) and increases in urinary sodium excretion of 27.2 +/- 10 mmol/d (from values of 65.5 mmol/d during the follicular phase) preceded periods when menstrual symptoms were most severe. Ratings of breast tenderness increased sixfold to eightfold in the late luteal phase (P < 0.001) and those of swelling or bloating increased twofold to threefold during early menses (P < 0.001) compared with nadir symptom ratings during each cycle. Sodium cravings increased in the luteal phase of all cycles but were not accompanied by increased sodium intake when access to added salt was allowed. CONCLUSIONS: Breast tenderness and bloating did not result from sodium retention in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During normal and sodium-restricted diet cycles, women actually had urinary sodium loss, not retention, during the luteal phase; severity of menstrual symptoms was unchanged.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00005

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Olson, B. R., Forman, M. R., Lanza, E., McAdam, P. A., Beecher, G., Kimzey, L. M., Campbell, W. S., Raymond, E. G., Brentzel, S. L., & Guttsches-Ebeling, B.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Olson, Beatriz R.
Venue
Annals of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American College of Physicians
Published
1996-10-01
Volume
125
Issue
7
Pages
564-567
ISSN
  • 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1539-3704
DOI
10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00005
OpenAlex
W2053396007
Cited by
40
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.acpjournals.org/journal/aim/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
Locations
  • Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Electrolyte and hormonal disorders
Keywords
sodium balance, menstrual symptoms, salt restriction, plasma sodium, sodium excretion, plasma renin activity, luteal phase, breast tenderness, bloating, menstrual cycle, women's health
MeSH terms
Adult, Diet, Sodium-Restricted, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Prospective Studies, Sodium, Dietary, Water-Electrolyte Balance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review