Prevalence and Management of Obesity in U.S. Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Background:Survival has significantly improved in patients with type 1 diabetes over the past 2 decades (1), shifting the health profile of this population.Obesity, once a rare condition, now affects up to 37% of U.S. adults with type 1 diabetes (2, 3).However, current studies are based on selected populations and have not considered engagement in lifestyle modification. Objective:To characterize the prevalence and management of overweight and obesity among adults with type 1 diabetes in the general U.S. population.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Hess-Fischl, A., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, E., et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci21-0043 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in adults by diabetes type – United States, 2016
Bullard, K. M., Cowie, C. C., Lessem, S. E., Saydah, S. H., Menke, A., Geiss, L. S., Orchard, T. J., Rolka, D. B., & Imperatore, G. (2018) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a2 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Obesity in people living with type 1 diabetes
der Schueren, B. V., Ellis, D., Faradji, R. N., Al‐Ozairi, E., Rosen, J., & Mathieu, C. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00246-1 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in US Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Wallace, A. S., Chang, A. R., Shin, J., Reider, J. A., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Grams, M. E., & Selvin, E. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab927 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationMortality trends in type 1 diabetes: a multicountry analysis of six population-based cohorts
Ruiz, P. L. D., Chen, L., Morton, J. I., Salim, A., Carstensen, B., Gregg, E. W., Pavkov, M. E., Mata-Cases, M., Mauricio, D., Nichols, G. A., et al. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05659-9 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes
Kueh, M. T. W., Chew, N., Al‐Ozairi, E., & le Roux, C. W. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01429-8 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA therapy in type 1 diabetes and reno-vascular outcomes: a real-world study
Anson, M., Zhao, S. S., Austin, P. J., Hernández, G., Malik, R. A., & Alam, U. (2023) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-023-05975-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Bajaj, M. S., McCoy, R. G., Balapattabi, K., Bannuru, R. R., Bellini, N. J., Bennett, A. K., Beverly, E. A., Early, K. B., ChallaSivaKanaka, S., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc26-s008 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Manrique‐Acevedo, C., Hirsch, I. B., & Eckel, R. H. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2311526 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Semaglutide in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity
Shah, V. N., Akturk, H. K., Kruger, D., Ahmann, A., Bhargava, A., Bakoyannis, G., Pyle, L., & Snell-Bergeon, J. K. (2025) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evidoa2500173 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Achievement of Guideline-Recommended Targets in Diabetes Care in China
Zhong, V. W., Yu, D., Zhao, L., Yang, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Ding, G., & Wang, H. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m23-0442 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Tirzepatide for overweight and obesity management
Hamza, M., Papamargaritis, D., & Davies, M. J. (2024) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2024.2436595 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Trends and Disparities in Technology Use and Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Fang, M., Xu, Y., Ballew, S. H., Coresh, J., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Selvin, E., & Shin, J. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.26353 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Overweight and Obese Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Snell-Bergeon, J. K., Kaur, G., Renner, D., Akturk, H. K., Beatson, C., & Garg, S. K. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2024.0328 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
From fat to filter: the effect of adipose tissue-derived signals on kidney function
Ahmed, N., Dalmasso, C., Turner, M. B., Arthur, G., Cincinelli, C., & Loria, A. S. (2025) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00950-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tirzepatide in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Phase 2 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
SNAITH, J. R., Frampton, R., Samocha‐Bonet, D., & Greenfield, J. R. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-2379 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Age at Diagnosis in U.S. Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Fang, M., Wang, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Selvin, E. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m23-1707 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationRivera Gutierrez, R., Tama, E., Bechenati, D., Castañeda Hernandez, R., Bennett, P. K., McNally, A. W., Fansa, S., Anazco, D., Acosta, A., & Hurtado Andrade, M. D. (2025) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2024.07.006 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Can type 1 diabetes be an unexpected complication of obesity?
Oboza, P., Ogarek, N., Olszanecka‐Glinianowicz, M., & Kocełak, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1121303 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Type 1 diabetes presenting in adults: Trends, diagnostic challenges and unique features
Evans‐Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16402 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jacobsen, L. M., & Schatz, D. (2026) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2026.0048 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effectiveness and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Almohareb, S. N., Alfayez, O. M., Aljuaid, S. S., Alshahrani, W. A., Bakhsh, G. H., Alshammari, M. K., Yami, M. S. A., Alshaya, O. A., Alomran, A. S., Korayem, G. B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13216532 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and type 1 diabetes: a potential game changer?
Resnick, O., Bril, F., & Beauchamp, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1520313 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Overweight and Obesity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Growing Challenge
Majanović, S. K., Detel, D., Igrec, M., Bergoč, A., Rahelić, V., & Rahelić, D. (2024) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology5030018 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Echouffo Tcheugui, J. B., Coresh, J., Grams, M. E., Selvin, E., Fang, M., & Shin, J. (2025) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16300 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationThe antidiabetic properties of lignans: a comprehensive review
Isah, M. B., Tajuddeen, N., Yusuf, A., Mohammed, A., Ibrahim, M. A., Melzig, M. F., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156717 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Managing obesity in adults with type 1 diabetes
Campos, A., Gutiérrez, R. D. J. R., Galindo, R. J., McCoy, R. G., & Andrade, M. D. H. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111983 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Popovic, D. S., Karakasis, P., Koufakis, T., Fragakis, N., Παπάνας, Ν., Mitrović, M., Gouveri, E., & Patoulias, D. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155791 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Purcell, A. R., Zhen, X. M., Wong, J., & Glastras, S. J. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70188 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dutta, D., Kamrul-Hasan, A. B. M., Jindal, R., Mohindra, R., Nagendra, L., & Bhattacharya, S. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046446 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Widhalm, C., & Pulido, V. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports · doi:10.1177/23247096231206333 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Klein, M. P., Aktürk, H. K., Snell‐Bergeon, J. K., & Shah, V. N. (2024) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/19322968241245680 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Guo, Y., Lin, C., Cai, X., Wu, H., Yan, J., Li, Z., Jiao, R., Bai, S., Yang, W., Lv, F., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112899 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Prattichizzo, F., Veronesi, V., Rigoni, M., Grotta, R. L., Pellegrini, V., Lucisano, G., Nicolucci, A., Berra, C., Carlsen, H. K., Eliasson, B., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Snethlage, C. M. F., Meijnikman, A. S., Mak, A. L., Rampanelli, E., Voermans, B., Callender, C., de Groen, P., Roep, B. O., van Raalte, D. H., Knop, F. K., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae043 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Differential Efficacy of Weight Loss Interventions in Patients with Versus Without Diabetes
Losada-Díaz, F., Lizarazo-Bocanegra, S., Perdomo-Lugo, J. J., Gutiérrez-Romero, S. A., Correa-Osio, I., & Mendivil, C. O. (2024) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-024-01646-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
IGUDESMAN, D. A., Nally, L. M., Grimshaw, A. A., Gunderson, C. G., Considine, E. G., Jacobsen, L. M., Tosur, M., Gottlieb, P. A., Hirsch, I. B., Laffel, L. M., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf448 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Targeting cardiometabolic risk in type 1 diabetes through incretin physiology
Frampton, R., HOCKING, S. L., SNAITH, J. R., & Greenfield, J. R. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2025.06.004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Garg, S., Kim, S., Ford, A. M., Loesch, J., Valencia, S. O., Zhou, K., & Lembo, A. J. (2025) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156251403555 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Obesity management before and after pancreas transplantation
Abbasi, A. B., Posselt, A. M., Orandi, B. J., Odorico, J. S., & Stock, P. G. (2025) · Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation · doi:10.1097/mot.0000000000001226 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dutta, D., Kamrul-Hasan, A. B. M., Mohindra, R., & Raizada, N. (2025) · Diabetes Technology and Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1089/dtom.2025.0048 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tentolouris, A., Koufakis, T., & Fousteris, E. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00693-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aktürk, H. K., Karakus, K. E., Cengiz, D., Mason, E., Beck, E., Kaur, G., & Garg, S. K. (2026) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156251398060 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
GLP-1 agonists in Type 1 diabetes – Indications and use
Panjawatanan, P., & Comi, R. J. (2025) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2025.100591 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kasahara, T., Nishikage, S., Hirota, Y., Nakatsuji, M., Saito, S., Yamamoto, A., Yoshimura, K., Takayoshi, T., Ohsugi, M., Ueki, K., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112956 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Genton, L., Sanz, M. L., Arvanitakis, M., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Bally, L., Barazzoni, R., Betry, C., Burgos, R., Cuerda, C., Hadefi, A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.106550 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Beausoleil, C., Rousselle, C., Özçağlı, E., & Jacobs, M. N. (2026) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2026.106041 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hanamura, I., Hongo, R., Abiru, N., & Sera, N. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6040029 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schmitt, A., Olds, D. M., Yang, F. M., & Polivka, B. J. (2025) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799251322201 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bergenstal, R. M., Willis, H. J., & Carlson, A. L. (2026) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci26-0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Saeed, Z. I., & Shah, V. N. (2026) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2026.04.006 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Double Diabetes: Modern Challenge
As, A., Moscow, R. F., Pashkova, E. Y., & Рамазанович, Г. В. (2024) · Doctor Ru · doi:10.31550/1727-2378-2024-23-4-7-14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lang, A., Schaefer, E., Kupriyanova, Y., Goletzke, J., Weber, K. S., Buyken, A. E., KAHL, S., Zaharia, O., Herder, C., Schrauwen‐Hinderling, V. B., et al. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01145-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevalence and Management of Obesity in U.S. Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Popovic, D. S., Patoulias, D., & Παπάνας, Ν. (2023) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/l23-0227 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Encouraging but slow progress toward incorporating obesity care into diabetes care
Almandoz, J. P., & Lingvay, I. (2023) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23925
Typ-1-Diabetes – Neue Aspekte in Therapie & Technologie 2024
Schimmel, T., & Ebert, T. (2024) · Die Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s11428-024-01204-x
Nandave, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-7568-2_3
Semaglutide for Type I Diabetes — A New Twist on an Old Story
Rosen, C. J. (2025) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evide2500178
Obesity and overweight‐related differences in cardiometabolic risk factors in type 1 diabetes
Syed, A. S., Arani, G., Macwan, S. A., Koška, J., Zhou, J. Y., Miller, D. R., & Reaven, P. D. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.70329
Zhen, X. M., Purcell, A. R., Glastras, S. J., Twigg, S., & Wong, J. (2026) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104641 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kidney and Cardiovascular Protection in Diabetes: Beyond Diabetes Typology
Mottl, A. K., Sawinski, D. L., & Bjornstad, P. (2026) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2025.10.022
Metabolic dysfunction and the use of adjunct medications in type 1 diabetes
Luk, A., Cheah, Y. S., Misra, S., & Salem, V. (2026) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000956
Mitchell, S., Patwardhan, K., Lucocq, J. E., Geropoulos, G., Lamb, P., Ghanem, O. M., Stimson, R. H., & Robertson, A. G. (2026) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70305
Popovic, D. S., Κender, Ζ., & Koufakis, T. (2026) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.70226
Girardi, K. G., Sürücü, S., Jonnalagadda, A., Jayaram, R. H., Choksi, S., Ansah-Twum, J. K., Gillinov, S. M., Grauer, J. N., & Jimenez, A. E. (2026) · Arthroscopy The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery · doi:10.1002/arj.70140
ZHANG, L. F., Zhu, J., Gu, R., Cui, T., Xi, X., Yang, L., Yu, G., Wang, J., & Yang, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1776074
Lucove, J. C., CORNELIUS, E. M., Nguyen, H. T., Shah, V. N., Sherr, J. L., Kudva, Y. C., Carlson, A. L., & Wolf, W. A. (2026) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156261444998
Current State of Cardiorenal Disease in People with Type 1 Diabetes.
Fernandes, S., Hettinger, B., Ang, L., & Pop-Busui, R. (2026) · Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2026.04.004
Weekly Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes
Buros‐Stein, A., PAULEY, M. E., & Snell‐Bergeon, J. K. (2026) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2026.04.003
Yazdanfard, P. D. W., Kosjerina, V., Wood-Kurland, H. K., Andersen, M. P., Hommel, E. E., Dejgaard, T. F., Nørgaard, K., Torp-Pedersen, C. T., & Sørensen, K. K. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101716
Mikrovaskuläre Komplikationen bei Typ-1-Diabetes
Schmidt, A.-S., & Ebert, T. (2026) · CardioVasc · doi:10.1007/s15027-026-4013-4
Nutrition Therapy for Metabolic Liver Disease and Diabetes
Guinane, A., & Pezzuto, D. (2026) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580408493-ch15
Diabetes and Weight Management
Perry, M. L. (2026) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580408493-ch13
Tundidor, D., Blanco, J., Cañizares, S., Seguí, N., Obach, A., Molero, J., Conget, I., Giménez, M., Vidal, J., & Flores, L. (2026) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-026-02147-7
Drummond, R. F., Seif, K. E., & Reece, E. A. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2026.07.009
Kontinuierliche Glukose- und Ketonmessung: Perspektiven für modernes Diabetesmanagement
Kapellen, T. M., Brinkmann, C. K., Freckmann, G., Gölz, S., Tan, S., Seufert, J., Siegmund, T., Ziegler, R., & Szendrödi, J. (2026) · Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel · doi:10.1055/a-2896-0531
Experience With Intermittent Caloric Restriction in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Wong, A., Herrera, R., Varady, K. A., Wang, Q., Oldenburg, N. C., & Chow, L. S. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/jdr/3581401
Liver fibrosis risk: a silent threat in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Altıntop, S. E., Barlas, T., Kılıç, A. C. K., Sabur, R. E., Kart, S., Aktürk, M., Toruner, F. B., & Altınova, A. E. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-03009-9
Type 1 diabetes in the era of obesity: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70427
Kitsios, K., & Trakatelli, C. (2026) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1177/15209156261486127
Lee, O., Son, Y., López-Gil, J. F., Rahmati, M., Kang, J., Lee, J.-S., & Yon, D. K. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.71325 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Holt, R. I. G., DeVries, J. H., Fischl, A. H., Hirsch, I. B., Kirkman, M. S., Klupa, T., Ludwig, B., Nørgaard, K., Pettus, J., Renard, É., et al. (2026) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06833-z
Kim, J. A., Choi, J., Kim, K. J., Shin, S. M., Kim, Y.-E., Kim, K. J., Kim, H. Y., Kim, N. H., & Kim, S. G. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70457
Kazé, A. D., & Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B. (2026) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-026-01648-z
Self-citationVarga, B., Nemes-Nagy, E., Aszalos, C., Abalasei, B. L., Szabó, M. I. M., & Tilinca, M. C. (2026) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology7100198
LEI, M., Liu, F., Sun, L., Li, S., Liu, J., Wang, Y., & Tang, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1995854
- Authors
- Fang, M., Jeon, Y., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., & Selvin, E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Annals of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American College of Physicians
- Published
- 2023-03
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 427-429
- ISSN
- 0003-4819 (ISSN-L)
- 1539-3704
- PMC
- PMC10033389
- OpenAlex
- W4320482429
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 16.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K24 HL152440, K23 HL153774)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, obesity, overweight, prevalence, obesity treatment, lifestyle modification, adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Obesity, United States, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review