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Gender differences in mental health during the economic crisis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Economic crises have a negative effect on mental health. Little evidence has been published on the impact of economic downturns on male and female. The aim of the study was to analyze gender differences in specific mental disorders in primary care during the current economic recession in Spain. METHOD: A total of 7,914 patients in 2006 and 5,876 patients in 2010 were recruited to collect sociodemographic data and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2010 the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder increased 155.7% in men and 104.9% in women; Generalized Anxiety Disorder increased 98.3% in men and 71.3% in women; and Multisomatoform Disorder increased 100.05% in men and 37% in women. The effect of the Employment confounder was significant across all comparisons: Major Depressive Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio=2.557 for Men (p<.001), 2.046 for Women (p=.002); Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio= 2.153 (p<.001) for Men, 1.546 for Women (p<.001); and for Non-specific Multisomatoform Disorder Generalized Odds Ratio=1.680 for Men (p<.001) and 1.301 for women (p=.014). CONCLUSION: Overall prevalence of mental disorders increased significantly between 2006 and 2010, especially in males, who are more sensitive to the effect of the current economic recession than women.
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The main cause of anxiety in men was of a work-related nature, especially for those who identified with the stereotypical male role.
“The main cause of anxiety in men was of a work-related nature, 44 especially for those who identified with the stereotypical male role. 40”
From Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Men who identified themselves with the traditional male role were more likely to develop anxiety as a result of economic difficulties.
“Men who identified themselves with the traditional male role were more likely to develop anxiety as a result of economic difficulties, 40”
From Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
Gender socialization mediates the type of stimuli that are anxiogenic in women and men.
“The results also suggest that gender socialization mediates the type of stimuli that are anxiogenic in women and men. 40”
From Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [40]
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“The results also suggest that gender socialization mediates the type of stimuli that are anxiogenic in women and men.(40) Such stressors are congruent with the differential socialization received by each sex found in the literature, centered on the achievement, competitiveness, and attainment of economic resources for…”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gili, M., López-Navarro, E., Castro, A., Homar, C., Navarro, C., García-Toro, M., García-Campayo, J., & Roca, M.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de les Illes Balears (ES)
- University of Balearic
- University of Zaragoza
- Venue
- Psicothema
- Publisher
- Grupo Editorial Psicofundación
- Published
- 2016-11-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 407-413
- ISSN
- 0214-9915 (ISSN-L)
- 1886-144X
- OpenAlex
- W2573066433
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 9.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psicothema (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zaguan (University of Zaragoza Repository) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Docusalut (Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears) (submittedVersion)
- Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- gender differences, mental illness, economic recession, economic crisis, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, somatoform disorders, employment status, prevalence, primary care, Spain
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Spain, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Young Adult, Economic Recession
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