The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Affective Computing
Open accessAbstract
According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions. The latest scientific findings indicate that emotions play an essential role in decision making, perception, learning, and more—that is, they influence the very mechanisms of rational thinking. Not only too much, but too little emotion can impair decision making. According to Rosalind Picard, if we want computers to be genuinely intelligent and to interact naturally with us, we must give computers the ability to recognize, understand, even to have and express emotions. Part 1 of this book provides the intellectual framework for affective computing. It includes background on human emotions, requirements for emotionally intelligent computers, applications of affective computing, and moral and social questions raised by the technology. Part 2 discusses the design and construction of affective computers. Although this material is more technical than that in Part 1, the author has kept it less technical than typical scientific publications in order to make it accessible to newcomers. Topics in Part 2 include signal-based representations of emotions, human affect recognition as a pattern recognition and learning problem, recent and ongoing efforts to build models of emotion for synthesizing emotions in computers, and the new application area of affective wearable computers.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In contrast, the goal of our system was to use on-body sensors with EDA and electrocardiogram (EKG), since these sensors have been shown to be reliable for emotion detection [14,17,18].”
From Food and Mood: Just-in-Time Support for Emotional Eating (2013) · cites this paper as [18]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 6,601–6,700 of 7,380
Long-Term EEG Component Analysis Method Based on Lasso Regression
Bo, H., Li, H., Wu, B., Li, H., & Ma, L. (2021) · Algorithms · doi:10.3390/a14090271
Invertable Frowns: Video-to-Video Facial Emotion Translation
Magnusson, I., Sankaranarayanan, A., & Lippman, A. (2021) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Tognoli, E., & Huang, S. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2110.01503
Generative comics - A computational approach to creating comics material
Nairat, M. (2021) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Reducing Pain Through Affective Computing
Bondin, L., & Dingli, A. (2021) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-7888-9.ch005
Richly Communicative Systems for Machine Learning Training.
Christensen, J. (2021) · NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)
Affective adaptation design for better gaming experiences
Hall, O., & ElSayed, S. (2021) · Abertay Research Portal (Abertay University)
Alfaras, M. (2021) · doi:10.6035/14101.2021.763912
Biele, C. (2021) · Studies in computational intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90004-5_6
A Design Practice on Communicating Emotions Through Visual, Tactile and Auditory Simulations
Yavuz, S. U., Bordegoni, M., & Carulli, M. (2014) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2232-3_25
Smart mobile sensing for measuring quality of experience (QoE) in urban public transports
Vieira, J. M. G. (2012) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.34626/qagm-1m46
The Sciences of the Artificial Emotions: Commentary on Aylett & Paiva
Gratch, J. (2011) · Emotion Review
Scoping Report: AI-Driven Wargame Replicator
Guo, R. J., Unrau, D., & Armstrong, J. (2010)
Prefatory Remarks on Human Law and Computer Law
Hildebrandt, M. (2013) · Ius gentium · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6314-2_0
Aspect-Based Model Of User Experience
Vyas, D. (2005) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology)
Imamura, K., & Nishiyama, T. (2004) · Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics · doi:10.3156/jsoft.16.400
Vinciarelli, A. (2007) · Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
Facial and Body Feature Extraction for Emotionally-Rich HCI
Karpouzis, K. C., Drosopoulos, A., Ioannou, S. V., Raouzaiou, A. T., Tsapatsoulis, N., & Kollias, S. (2008) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-59904-941-0.ch126
人間-エージェント間相互作用～ユーザビリティとフレキシビリティを目指して
幹彦, 森., 大輔, 片., & 克己, 新. (2005) · Jidō seigyo/Jido seigyo · doi:10.11499/sicejl1962.44.836
THE CHALLANGE OF INCORPORATING ETHICS INTO MACHINES
Özbağ, G. K. (2021) · Journal of Business in The Digital Age · doi:10.46238/jobda.1019798
González-Meneses, Y. N., & Guerrero-García, J. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Computación · doi:10.29375/25392115.4300
Jansen, T., & Väljamäe, A. (2021) · Methis Studia humaniora Estonica · doi:10.7592/methis.v22i27/28.18448
A Study on the Use of the Pulse Sensor for Presentation Support System
Zhao, X., & Li, Y. (2021) · International Symposium on Computer and Information Processing Technology (ISCIPT) · doi:10.1109/iscipt53667.2021.00088
Luận điểm về AI nhìn từ “Cỗ máy xúc cảm” của DeLanceyPreprint
Ho, T. M., & Hung, N. Q. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/zgk5e
Locked-Down, Log-In and Slog-On: A Technocratic Dystopia?
Ellis, D. (2021) · Studies in the psychosocial · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80278-3_6
How to Prevent Robotic Sociopaths: A Neuroscience Approach to Artificial EthicsPreprint
Christov‐Moore, L., Reggente, N., Vaccaro, A. G., Schoeller, F., Pluimer, B. R., Douglas, P. K., Iacoboni, M., & Kaplan, J. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6tn42 · Cited by 1
A study of context-based multi-sensory user experience
Chen, N.-F. (2017) · doi:10.32657/10356/69568
Review of the Use of Electroencephalography in User Experience Evaluation Research
Şahin, E. B., ÇELİKTAŞ, C., & Durdu, P. O. (2022) · Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi · doi:10.17671/gazibtd.842888
Motivation, Emotion, and Affective Computing
Norman, K. L. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316212554.012
Analysis of Debates and Comments
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.011
(2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.015
Analysis of Comparative Opinions
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.009
Parsons, T. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.017
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.012
Parsons, T. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.016
Aspect Sentiment Classification
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.006
Clavel, C. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119649403.refs
Parsons, T. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.001
Maybury, M. T. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118219546.refs
Bartneck, C., Belpaeme, T., Eyssel, F., Kanda, T., Keijsers, M., & Šabanović, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108676649.007
(2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4623-0.chcrf
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.017
(2013) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-4542-4.chcrf
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.014
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.001
Problematic Internet Use, Online Gambling, Smartphones, and Video Games
Parsons, T. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.008
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.015
Bruder, K.-J., Ach, J. S., Nunner‐Winkler, G., Gottowik, V., Klusmann, D., Walter, H., Tanner, J., Gaschler, R., Frensch, P. A., Tremmel, F., et al. (2009) · J.B. Metzler eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-476-05218-6_3
Cyberlearning and Ethical Considerations for Using Technology with Children
Parsons, T. D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553384.006
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.016
Opinion Summarization and Search
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.010
(2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316676639.027
Document Sentiment Classification
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.004
Bartneck, C., Belpaeme, T., Eyssel, F., Kanda, T., Keijsers, M., & Šabanović, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108676649.012
Cook, N. J., Ingalls, M. M., & Trippett, D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316676639.001
Bartneck, C., Belpaeme, T., Eyssel, F., Kanda, T., Keijsers, M., & Šabanović, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108676649.005
Turner, P. (2017) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70653-5_4
Detecting Fake or Deceptive Opinions
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.013
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.007
Intelligent Methods for Power System Analysis: Advancement in Optimization and Its Application
Huiningsumbam, U., Mani, A., & Jain, A. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6081-8_13
Lin, Y. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-423-4_14
When masses re-individualize: affect, contagion and control in digital modernity
Lee, R. L. M. (2022) · Distinktion Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1080/1600910x.2022.2028646
Ho, T. M., Nguyen, M., Nguyen, H. T., & Vuong, Q. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/df8zt · Cited by 1
Research on Active Affective Interaction Interaction Design Strategies for the Elderly
Ge, C., Xu, B., Xue, Y., & Yu, S. (2022) · Mechanisms and machine science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7381-8_104
Emotional Modeling with Spatial Games
Barachini, F., & Stary, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96412-2_7
Prototyping the Brain of a Robot
Mazzei, D., Cominelli, L., & Lazzeri, N. (2022) · International series on intelligent systems, control and automation: science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40003-7_5
Feature Analysis for Speech Emotion Classification
Kingeski, R., Schueda, L. A. P., & Paterno, A. S. (2022) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70601-2_347
Schuller, D., & Schuller, B. W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-33597-7_26
Heinicker, P., & Parnow, J. (2022) · Matter Journal of New Materialist Research · doi:10.1344/jnmr.v3i1.38964
(1998) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1023/a:1017113625005
Tao, J., & Tan, T. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-84800-306-4_1
Cook, N. J., Ingalls, M. M., & Trippett, D. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316676639.028
Facial and Body Feature Extraction for Emotionally-Rich HCI
Karpouzis, K. C., Drosopoulos, A., Ioannou, S. V., Raouzaiou, A. T., Tsapatsoulis, N., & Kollias, S. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/9781599049410.ch126
Donsbach, W. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118789353.ch1
A Study of the State of the Art in Synthetic Emotional Intelligence in Affective Computing
Zohora, S. E., Khan, A. M., Srivastava, A. K., Nguyen, G. N., & Dey, N. (2019) · Natural Language Processing · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0951-7.ch058
(2019) · UGA Éditions eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.ugaeditions.7158
CRGOURMETCOFFEE.COM: AN E-COMMERCE PLATFORM TO SOLVE THE COFFEE PARADOX IN COSTA RICA
(2019) · IADIS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON WWW/INTERNET · doi:10.33965/ijwi_2019172107
Bösel, B. (2018) · Böhlau Verlag eBooks · doi:10.7788/9783412512040.440
Memory, Emotions, Language & Mind
(2020) · Journal of Psychology and Neuroscience · doi:10.47485/2693-2490.1031
Hildebrandt, M. (2015) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849808774.00020
Tosa, N. (2016) · Springer series on cultural computing · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6512-5_2
The Role of Emotions in Game-Based Learning
(2019) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3398-6.ch004
Liu, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108639286.018
Schuller, B. W., & Batliner, A. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118706664.ch1
Computer-Based Learning Environments with Emotional Agents
Gorga, D., & Schneider, D. (2011) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch506
Computational Analytical Framework for Affective Modeling
Hudlická, E. (2016) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0159-6.ch013
Bartneck, C., Belpaeme, T., Eyssel, F., Kanda, T., Keijsers, M., & Šabanović, S. (2020) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1017/9781108676649.014
Human desire inference process and analysis
Dong, J. (2013) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-3355
Reading, A. (2011) · SpringerBriefs in biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0158-2_17
Dutta, P., & Barman, A. (2020) · Cognitive intelligence and robotics · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3883-4_1
Material Cultures and Moral Mediators in Human Hybridization
Magnani, L. (2012) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-1773-5.ch001
Affective Video Content Analysis
(2006) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-4020-8115-4_5
Hettinger, L. J., & Haas, M. (2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781410608888.ch1
Tuschling, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-16358-7_21-1
Affect-Sensitive Computer Systems
Thompson, N., McGill, T. J., & Murray, D. E. (2018) · Advances in computer and electrical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch032
Metadata
- Authors
- Picard, R. W.
- Affiliations
- MIT Media Lab (US)
- Corresponding author
- Picard, Rosalind W.
- ORCID
- Picard, Rosalind W.
- Venue
- MIT Press
- Publisher
- The MIT Press
- Published
- 1997-09-24
- OpenAlex
- W2339343773
- Cited by
- 7,382
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 376 · 2025: 295 · 2024: 212 · 2023: 266 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 274 · 2020: 322 · 2019: 356 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 279 · 2016: 301 · 2015: 318 · 2014: 315 · 2013: 335 · 2012: 329
- FWCI
- 92.96
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The MIT Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- PsycEXTRA Dataset (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Innovative Human-Technology Interaction
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Psychiatry, Mental Health, Neuroscience
- Keywords
- affective computing, emotion recognition, emotion models, emotion synthesis, wearable computers, human-computer interaction, decision-making, pattern recognition
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
