Effectiveness of Shared Medical Appointments Targeting the Triple Aim Among Patients With Overweight, Obesity, or Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Background:Obesity and diabetes are epidemic in the United States, with many treatment options having limited long-term efficacy. A possible effective medical management tool is the shared medical appointment (SMA), which offers an efficient and cost-effective approach to behavior change and aligns with the Triple Aim (reduce costs, improve population health, and improve patient care experience) set forth by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Objectives:To assess the effectiveness of SMAs to achieve the Triple Aim and to improve the management of overweight/obesity or diabetes. Methods:Peer-reviewed literature from PubMed was searched by the keywords shared medical appointments,group medical appointment, and group medical visit, with no date restrictions and limited to English publications with sample sizes greater than or equal to 20. Results:Eight articles met inclusion criteria. The Triple Aim was not referenced in the studies, but most reported some combination of reduced costs, improved care, and improved outcomes or patient satisfaction. Conclusions:Potential benefits of SMAs include improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. Osteopathic and, in particular, primary care medicine could likely benefit from moving toward greater adoption of SMAs; however, more randomized controlled trials are needed to assess their effectiveness with regard to the Triple Aim.
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Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated greater patient satisfaction.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved sleep.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated reduced healthcare costs.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Compared with conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus.
“Compared to conventional visits, GMVs have demonstrated improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in females and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [207, 208, 209, 210].”
Cites
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61457-4 · Cited by 3,020 · see citing works
Prediabetes: a high-risk state for diabetes development
Tabák, A. G., Herder, C., Rathmann, W., Brunner, E. J., & Kivimäki, M. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60283-9 · Cited by 2,958 · see citing works
Kushner, R. F., & Ryan, D. H. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10432 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
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Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.04.023 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“…improved dietary habits, improved sleep, greater patient satisfaction, better glycemic and blood pressure control among individuals with diabetes mellitus, modest but significant weight reduction improvement, particularly in women and older adults, and reduced healthcare costs [198 – 201].”
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24336 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Mozaffarian, D., Agarwal, M., Aggarwal, M., Alexander, L., Apovian, C. M., Bindlish, S., Bonnet, J., Butsch, W. S., Christensen, S., Gianos, E., et al. (2025) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2025.100181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Bharmal, N., Beidelschies, M., Alejandro-Rodriguez, M., Alejandro, K., Guo, N., Jones, T., & Bradley, E. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12833-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“SMAs are cost-effective solutions to healthcare delivery designed to improve health outcomes and increase access to care [8].”
Background
- Authors
- Trickett, K. H., Matiaco, P. M., Jones, K., Howlett, B., & Early, K. B.
- Venue
- Journal of Osteopathic Medicine
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2016-12-01
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 780-787
- ISSN
- 2702-3648 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2559457577
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Osteopathic Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
- Keywords
- shared medical appointments, Triple Aim, obesity, overweight, diabetes mellitus, group medical visits, cost reduction, patient satisfaction, primary care, osteopathic medicine, population health
- MeSH terms
- Appointments and Schedules, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Group Processes, Humans, Obesity, Primary Health Care, Social Support, Patient Satisfaction, Overweight
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